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短语做同位语

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  • 定语从句与同位语从句的比较

  • 教育,英语
  • 定语从句与同位语从句的比较

      英语是按照分布面积而言最流行的语言,但母语者数量是世界第三,仅次于汉语、西班牙语。它是学*最广泛的第二语言,是*60个*国家的官方语言或官方语言之一。下面是小编为大家收集的定语从句与同位语从句的比较,欢迎阅读,希望大家能够喜欢。

      定语从句与同位语从句的比较

      之所以会有该两者直接比较的出现,在于我们*时做题的过程中或多或少的出现过同位语与定语从句混淆的情况。原因在哪里呢?大部分情况在于that。

      1.从that的不同来分析(注意比较)

      1.1当that作为关系代词时,引导定语从句,在句子中充当主语,宾语等相应成分。并且充当宾语还可以省略。

      A.I almost have no magic imagination that this fiction brought to me.

      我几乎没有这部小说带给我的奇幻想象。(that在从句中作brought的宾语,充当成分,不能省略)

      B.At the first day, I booked a kind of magazine that Tom had recommended to me.

      在第一天,我预定了一种汤姆推荐给我的杂志。(that 充当从句谓语动词的宾语,代替magazine)

      1.2当that引导同位语从句时,作为连词的作用,也就是说没有实际意义,当然了连词是不可以省略的。

      A.The entertainment news came to me that two film stars hadbecome couples.

      我得知了这则娱乐新闻,两个电影明星成为了情侣。(该句中的that没有实际意义,不充当成分)

      B.The fact can`t be accepted by the fans that we lost the swimming game .

      这个事实不能被粉丝所接受,我们输掉了游泳比赛。(that作为连词)

      2.根据一些名词来判断

      A.The information that he will come back home is surprising.

      他要回家的消息是令人惊讶的.(information这类词)

      B.I got an idea that you were no there.

      我察觉到了你没有在那儿。

      定语从句倒装

      【知识点】定语从句的倒装结构。

      “介词+关系代词+从句谓语+从句主语”,即将整个谓语放在主语前面。我们的学*不仅要知其然,还要知其所以然。那么,为什么要采用倒装呢?往往是因为定语从句的主语较复杂,所以按照英语的尾重原则而后置了。

      【句子拆分】

      this is the world——主句;

      out of which ... of a society——定语从句,修饰world;

      where there ... from fear——定语从句,修饰society。

      【翻译难点】

      1、for the first time in history 为插入语,不要因此影响了对原句的理解。插入语可以先不看,再调整原句语序,得到 the hope of a society grows out of which (the world),表示”希望建立这样一个社会“。

      2、freedom from want and freedom from fear,其中freedom from来自于形容词短语 free from,表示“免除,没有”。另外要注意名词 want 意思为”贫困“。所以整个短语可译成”摆脱贫困,摆脱恐惧“。

      【精品译文】在这个世界,人类首次希望建立这样一个社会——在那里,他们将会摆脱贫困,摆脱恐惧。

      定语从句要点

      一. 定语从句的概念

      在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

      二. 引导定语从句的关系词

      引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

      三. 定语从句的分类

      根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

      四. 关系代词的用法

      1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

      Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.

      玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

      The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.

      我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

      2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

      The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.

      位于火车站附*的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

      The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.

      我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

      3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。例如:

      The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.

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  • 同位语从句例句

  •   同位语从句,指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。小编为您带来同位语从句例句,希望能帮到您!

      1、She hasn't made the decision whether she should give up.

      她还没决定她是否应当放下。

      2、I have no idea what has happened to him.

      我不明白他发生了什么事。

      3、There was no doubt that he is honest man.

      毫无疑问他是诚实的人。

      4、You have no idea how worried I was.

      你不明白我当时有多担忧。

      5、I have no idea why he resigned.

      我不明白他为何辞职。

      6、I have no idea when he will be back.

      我不明白他什么时候会回来。

      一、同位语从句的引导词

      引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等。

      1、由whether引导

      There is some doubt whether he will e. 他是否会来还不必须。

      Answer my question whether you are ing. 你回答我的问题:你来不来。

      The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。

      We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否能够信任的问题。

      【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。

      2、由that引导

      We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。

      They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。

      The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。

      I’ve e to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。

      The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。

      He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun. 他提到了*关于地球绕太阳转的说法。

      【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如:

      They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他们应对废除这个税的要求。

      They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他们表示期望她理解这笔奖金。

      There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项提议是布朗应当离队。

      The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的提议是*提出的。

      The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried. 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议经过了。

      I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker. 我理解他们期望你作主要发言人的殷切心境。

      【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也能够省去。如:

      He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。

      3、由连接副词引导

      I have no idea when he will e back. 我不明白他什么时候回来。

      It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。

      He had no idea why she left. 他不明白她为什么离开。

      You have no idea how worried I was! 你不明白我多着急!

      4、由连接代词引导

      Have you any idea what time it starts? 你明白什么时候开始吗?

      From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters. After that I went back to work in a factory. Then I had no idea what a casino was. 从1985年到1990年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不明白赌场是什么样的地方。

      二、关于分离同位语从句

      有时同位语从句能够和同位的名词分开。如:

      The story goes that he beats his wife. 传说他打老婆。

      The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery. 消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。

      The rumour spread that a new school would be built here. 谣传那里要盖一所新学校。

      Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town. 有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。

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  • 同位语从句例句

  • 同位语从句例句

      同位语从句,指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系(即被解释说明的词=同位语)。

      同位语从句的引导词,引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等。下面是小编精心整理的同位语从句例句,欢迎阅读与收藏。

      1、She hasn't made the decision whether she should give up.她还没决定她是否应当放下。

      2、I have no idea what has happened to him.我不明白他发生了什么事。

      3、There was no doubt that he is honest man.毫无疑问他是诚实的人。

      4、You have no idea how worried I was.你不明白我当时有多担忧。

      5、I have no idea why he resigned.我不明白他为何辞职。

      6、I have no idea when he will be back.我不明白他什么时候会回来。

      一、同位语从句的引导词

      引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等。

      1、由whether引导

      The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.这个是对还是错要看结果。

      We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.我们不是在调查他是否能够信任的问题。

      【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。

      2、由that引导

      We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。

      They were worried over the fact that you were sick.他们为你生病发愁。

      The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.明天放假的消息不实。

      I’ve e to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that.我得出结论这样做是不明智的。

      The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。

      He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun.他提到了*关于地球绕太阳转的说法。

      【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如:

      They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished.他们应对废除这个税的要求。

      They expressed the wish that she accept the award.他们表示期望她理解这笔奖金。

      There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项提议是布朗应当离队。

      The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.采纳新规则的提议是*提出的。

      The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried.允许妇女参加这个协会的决议经过了。

      I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker.我理解他们期望你作主要发言人的殷切心境。

      【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也能够省去。如:

      He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。

      3、由连接副词引导

      I have no idea when he will e back.我不明白他什么时候回来。

      It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做的问题。

      He had no idea why she left.他不明白她为什么离开。

      You have no idea how worried I was!你不明白我多着急!

      4、由连接代词引导

      Have you any idea what time it starts?你明白什么时候开始吗?

      From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters.After that I went back to work in a factory.Then I had no idea what a casino was.从1985年到1990年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不明白赌场是什么样的地方。

      二、关于分离同位语从句

      有时同位语从句能够和同位的名词分开。如:

      The story goes that he beats his wife.传说他打老婆。

      The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。

      The rumour spread that a new school would be built here.谣传那里要盖一所新学校。

      Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town.有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。

      The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。

      The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village.不久命令下来,所有居民都必须撤出村子。

      同位语的从句与先行词等同或同位,其先行词为:advice,indication,assumption,agreement,danger,fact,news,idea,thought,question,problem,

      re*,report,remark,word,information,promise,reason,answer,doubt, discovery,fear,message,proposal, story,theory,request,

      truth,opinion,hope,suggestion,conclusion,order,decision,

      possibility等抽象名词。关联词常用that,偶尔whether用引导,有时结合语意也可用疑问代词who,which,what和疑问副词where, when,why,how等引导。例如:

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  • 同位语和定语从句例句

  • 教育,英语
  • 同位语和定语从句例句

      引导语:同位语和定语从句有什么不同呢?下面是小编为大家精心整理的关于同位语和定语从句例句,欢迎阅读!希望对你有所帮助!

      定语从句与同位语从句最本质的区别就是,同位语从句是对主语的进一步诠释,定语从句是对先行词的修饰,定语从句的先行词几乎可以是任何名词,而同位语从句的主语只能是有内涵的词语

      同位语例句

      ⒈由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法的功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。

      Mr. Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.

      我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。

      our new teacher是主词Mr. Smith的同位语,指同一人。

      Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brother's.

      昨天我遇到了我弟弟的.朋友汤姆。

      a friend of my brother's是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人。

      ⒉如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。

      He himself told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.

      他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。

      himself和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。

      Yesterday I talked to my English teacher,Mr. James.

      昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。

      同位语Mr. James补充解释my English teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开。

      ⒊同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。

      We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.

      我们*人民是勤劳勇敢的。

      He is interested in sports,especially ball games.

      他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动。

      定语从句例句

      1) I went to visit the American author who wrote a number of books about China.

      2) I ate the soup my aunt prepared.

      3) I have an arrangement with my bank, by which they let me use their money and repay them next month.

      4) He sent her a letter, in which he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.

      5) Mr. Brown, who just came from Britain yesterday, will teach us accounting this term.

      6) She is going to spend the winter holidays in Hainan, where she has some relatives.

      7) The United States is known for its supermarkets, where huge quantities of all kinds of food and household articles are sold.

      8) The story happened in late 19th century, when China is suffering from the invasion of western powers.

      9)By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 当你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期。

      10) I still remember the place where I met her for the first time. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她的地方。

      11) Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc. 他每次出差都带着生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等其他东西。

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  • 同位语从句和定语从句的区别有哪些

  • 教育,英语
  • 同位语从句和定语从句的区别有哪些

      同位语从句,指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。下面是小编精心整理的同位语从句和定语从句的区别有哪些,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

      在教学中,同位语从句和定语从句是个难点。为了帮助老师和同学们解决这个难点,现就同位语从句和定语从句的区别谈谈自己的一点看法。同位语从句和定语从句都放在被修饰词的后边,从形式上来看,它们十分相似。从以下几个方面来谈它们的区别。

      1、从句所修饰词的不同。同位语从句所修饰词通常是少数一些表示抽象意义的名词,如belief , doubt , fact , hope , idea , news , possibility , thought , order , suggestion , wish , answer , information , conclusion , decision , discovery , knowledge , law , opinion , problem , promise , proof , question , report , truth , risk 等。定语从句的先行词可以指人、物等。例如:

      He has told us a fact that drinking too much does harm to our health.他又告诉我们一个事实,过渡饮酒对健康有害。(同位语从句)

      We have no idea that her mother was a professor ten years ago. . 我们不知道她的母亲十年前是个教授。(同位语从句)

      This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的那本书。(定语从句)

      I will never forget the day when I joined the Party. 我将永远不会忘记我入党的那一天。(定语从句)

      2. 连接词的作用不同。连接同位语从句的that只起连接作用,不在从句中担任任何句子成分。whether 和 how 可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。关系代词和关系副词除了连接从句的作用外,还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分,如主语、宾语、定语、表语等。引导定语从句的连接词是关系词,常见的关系代词和关系副词有that , which , who , whose , whom , when , where , why , as,than, but 等。

      The news that he wants to get is whether he will be sent to the countryside.他所想得到的消息是他是否将被派往农村。(定语从句,关系代词that作从句get的宾语。)

      Do you have a doubt whether she will be dismissed from school? 你怀疑她是否能被学校开除吗?(同位语从句)

      I have no idea how his parents were sad on hearing that their son was killed in the earthquake. 我不知道他的父母一听到他在地震中阵亡是多么悲伤!(同位语从句)

      3. 从句作用的不同。定语从句具有形容词或副词的特点,对先行词起修饰、限定作用,描述先行词的性质或特征,与先行词之间是所属关系。同位语从句具有名词的特点,对中心词作进一步补充解释,是中心词的具体内容。例如:

      The man that you saw just now is my bother. 你刚才看到的那个人是我的弟弟。(定语从句)

      The suggestion that the meeting be put off proved right.推迟会议的建议证明是正确得。(同位语从句)

      The suggestion that he had made is that the meeting be put off. 他提出的建议推迟会议。(定语从句)

      4. 正确理解和使用同位语从句,还应注意以下几点:

      A.分隔同位语从句:有时同位语从句与其先行词被其它成分分隔开来,这种分隔主要出于修辞原因,即为了保持句子结构*衡,避免头重脚轻。

      The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep‘s clothing . 真相终于大白了,他原来是只披着羊皮的狼。

      An order has come from Beijing that these thieves will be sentenced to death .

      B.在某些名词后的同位语从句中,其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式:(should) + 动词原形。常见的名词有advice , idea , order , demand , plan , proposal , suggestion , request 等。例如:

      The suggestion that a new bridge (should浅谈同位语从句和定语从句的区别) be built was accepted . 采纳了在这里修建一座新桥的建议。

      C.同位语从句的先行词往往没有复数形式。例如:

      他要来教我们英语的消息昨天我就听说了。

      (正)The message that he would teach us English reached me yesterday .

      (误)The messages that he would teach us English reached me yesterday .

      同位语从句与定语从句的区别

      (1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。

      (2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的'性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:

      1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)

      2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)

      同位语从句只能用that做连接词,且that在从句中不做成分,一般修饰idea,plan,assumption,suggestion等。

      定语从句的连接词that只是众多连接词中的一个,that要做从句中的主语或宾语,先行词既可以是人,也可以是物。

      1)Kelly thought of an idea. North Korean can kidnap an American in case tension with the U S. continue to escalate.

      这是两个独立的简单句,但都是完整的。所以用句号。把这俩合成一个句子就是,把句号去掉,第二个句子前加that。先行词是idea。

      kelly thought of an idea that North Korean can kidnap in case tension with the U.S. continue to escalate.

      Kelly相出了一个主意,在北韩与美国紧张持续升级的情况下,北韩可以绑架美国人。

      在从句的谓语动词can kidnap前有它自己的主语north Korean。that只起连接作用。同位语从句的从句不缺主语和宾语

      2)Kelly thought of an idea. The idea made America administration very tense and strained.

      这也是两个简单句。句子中间用句号。但第二句的主语idea和第一句的idea是一个词。所以这两个简单句合成一个复合句就是,that代替第二句的idea,做从句的主语。句号去掉

      Kelly thought of an idea that made America administration very tense and strained.

      Kelly想出了一个主意,它使得美国*非常紧张和疲累。

      在从句里,从句的谓语动词前就是连接词that。没有别的词。that 做从句的主语。

      3)Kelly thought of an idea. Chilly can not understand that idea.

      两个简单句合成一个定语从句就是,句号去掉,Chilly前加that,或者可以省略。第二个句子的idea去掉。

      Kelly thought of an idea (that)Chilly can not understand.

      Understand 的宾语是连接词that,that 代替的是understand的宾语idea。

      备注:

      that引导的定语从句一定是在从句中做主语或宾语,而同位语从句的that只起连接作用,不做成分。

      同位语从句的连接词that一定不能省略。而定语从句的that如果做从句的宾语、that可以省略。

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  • 定语从句与同位语从句的不同

  • 教育,英语
  • 定语从句与同位语从句的不同

      很多同学总是分不清定语从句和同位语从句。其实这两个从句有一个非常明显的区别,今天在这里为你做一个详细的剖析。下面是小编收集整理的定语从句与同位语从句的不同,希望能够帮助到大家。

      1. 从词类上区别

      同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词,而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词,主句的一部分或是整个主句,如:

      The possibility that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性,考研英语语法:定语从句与同位语从句的区别。(同位语从句)

      Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。(定语从句)

      2. 从性质上区别

      定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴,如:

      The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息。)

      The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语。)

      3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别

      有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句,如:

      That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句)

      引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般做主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略,that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替,如:

      The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的'命令昨天收到了,考研英语《考研英语语法:定语从句与同位语从句的区别》。(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略。)

      The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略。)

      【真题例句】

      The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars.

      【解析】

      句子可拆分为:The issue of //whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, //has been highlighted //by mounting evidence //that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and //by the continuing controversy over suggestions //that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars.

      主句为:The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by… and by…。主句主语的结构为: The issue of whether…and whether…。of 短语修饰the issue, of 短语较长一般译在后面;that the Red Planet…是evidence的同位语从句,(即是evidence的具体内容)。that bacterial fossils…是suggestions的同位语从句,说明suggestions的具体内容。)第一个同位语从句可以直接翻译在所修饰词后面。第二个同位语可以放在所修饰的名词前面,充当定语。

      【参考译文】

      越来越多的证据表明,这个红色行星上曾经有稳定而丰富的液态水,而且人们对从火星落到地球上的细菌化石陨石的说法一直有争论,使火星上是否存在过生命和是否至今仍有生命的问题成为了引人注目的重点。

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