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  • 八下英语课文原文

  • 英语
  • 八下英语课文原文(通用6篇)

      八年级下册英语课文的内容是什么?这些课文的原文大家记得吗?下面小编给大家带来八年级下册英语课文原文,欢迎大家阅读。

      Chen Huan: Hi, everybody.

      Sally: We'd like to thank you for talking us around Radio Beijing.

      Chen Huan: Don't mention it. I enjoy showing visitors around. Now I want to answer your questions, but remember to look out for the red light…

      Betty: …and stop talking!

      Chen Huan: Come this way. This is the new room. We collect the late news and write the reports here.

      Lingling: How can I become a newsreader?

      Chen Huan: On Radio Beijing everyone needs to speak English well. So keep studying, and maybe one day you can join us. Here's where I work on Starsearch. We decide what to listen to…and who to see.

      Daming: What about the sports news? I like listening to the football sesults.

      Chen Huan: That's over there.

      Tony: I'd like to be a sports reporter.

      Daming : Me,too!

      Chen Huan: And this is where we prepare the weather reports. Let's watch the newsreader. Ok, see the red light? Quiet, please.

      Newsreader: Finally, some sports news about the England and China football match. England scored two goals, and China…three.

      Daming: Hey! We won the match!

      Tony: And we lost! I hate losing!

      All: Ssh!

      Newsreader: And tomorrow's weather-sunny in the morning, but it'll start raining in the afternoon. And that's the end of the six o'clock news.

      Radio times

      "How old are you?" the radio studio manager at WXBN looked down at me.

      "Fifteen," I said.

      And you want a job in radio? Shouldn't you be at school? He asked.

      How could I explain? I've always loved the radio. When I was about four or five years old, I remember sitting close to the radio in the living room, listening to my favourite programmes, and to the voices of my favourite presenters. It seemed that they were speaking to me in person. At the age of nine, I asked for jobs in small radio stations.

      As I grew older, my interest in radio grew. One day I leant about Internet radio. Once a week. I played my favourite music from my father's com*r to the listeners, talked about life at school, and then closed down and did my homework.

      Soon my friends at junior high school started to listen, and then they wanted to help. We prepared the weekly programmes, articles about music, sports news, jokes and the weather report (I did this by looking out of the window).

      "Ok, come with me," the WXBN manager said. I sat down in the studio, in front of a microphone. He was in another room, behind the glass wall.

      "Ok, let's do a sound check. Just tell me what you had for breakfast."

      All radio presenters begin work with the same question.

      "I had eggs, fruit and some milk."

      "Ok, that's great!" the man behind the glass said.

      "And this was how my first real job in radio began.

      (Irish music, with a violin…)

      Lingling : That's lovely! Who's playing?

      Sally: that's us! Chen Huan wants a recording for his programme, and he lent me his CD recorder. The orchestra was practicing some Irish music yesterday, so I recorded it.

      Tony: How does it work?

      Daming: Let's look at the instruction. "If you want to turn on the recorder, press the blue button. If you want to play back, press the green button.

      (The same Irish music)

      Daming: You've done that.

      Tony: "…and if you want to record, press the red button. If the red light doesn't come on, wait for thirty seconds. Ok, let's try.

      Daming : Is it working?

      (Playback: Is it working?)

      Tony : Yes, it is. "If you want to send your recording by email, connect the recorder to your com*r. If there's no green light, choose the 'copy' symbol.

      Lingling: And are you playing the violin?

      Sally: No, that's my best friend Kylie. She plays really well.

      Lingling : But why do you want to send Chen Huan a recording of Kylie playing?

      Sally : Well, she's my friend, and it's important for her.

      Lingling : But it's important for you, too, Sally.

      Betty: Think Chen Huan wants to hear you on Starsearch, not Kylie. Come on, Sally. Where's your violin? Tony, press "record!"

      Tony: Ok! Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome our star musician…Sally Maxwell!

      All: Hooray!

[阅读全文]...
  • fame英语课文翻译

  • 英语,教育
  • fame英语课文翻译

      在汉语和英语两种语言中存在着许多共同之处, 在对于许多英语句子的 翻译过程中, 完全可以采取直译的方法,下面为大家分享了fame的课文翻译,一起来看看吧!

      Fame is very much like an animal chasing its own tail who, when he captures it, does not knowwhat else to do but to continue chasing it. Fame and the exhilarating popularity thataccompanies it, force the famous person to participate in his or her own destruction. Ironicisn't it?

      声誉很像一只追逐自己尾巴的动物,抓住后除了继续追逐不舍之外,再也没有其他方法了。声誉与随之而来的令人兴奋的赞扬迫着这位出了名的人走上自己的末路。这难道不令人啼笑皆非吗?

      Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of possessing a single talent or skill:singing, dancing, painting, or writing, etc. The successful performer develops a style that ismarketed aggressively and gains some popularity, and it is this popularity that usuallyconvinces the performer to continue performing in the same style, since that is what the publicseems to want and to enjoy. But in time, the performer becomes bored singing the same songsin the same way year after year, or the painter becomes bored painting similar scenes orportraits, or the actor is tired of playing the same character repeatedly. The demand of thepublic holds the artist hostage to his or her own success, fame. If the artist attempts to changehis or her style of writing or dancing or singing, etc., the audience may turn away and look toconfer fleeting fickle fame on another and then, in time, on another, and so on and so on.

      在已经出了名的人们中间,绝大多数是因有一技之长,如唱歌、舞蹈、绘画、写作等等,而获此声誉的。这位成功的表演者展示出一种在市场上可以争雄制胜的风格,因而获得声誉。而且也就是这种声誉常使表演者确信必须把这种风格坚持下去,因为看来这正是大众所需要和喜爱的。可是随着时间之转移,歌手年复一年地依老调唱老歌,画师画同样的风景人物,演员反复重演同一角色,都会感到厌烦。为了维持自己的成功和声誉,群众的要求竟把这位艺术家如人质般束缚住了。如果这位艺术家企图改变笔调、舞步、唱腔的话,听众观众就会舍他而去,把那飘忽不定的称誉转移给别人。随后有转移给另一人,这样不停地转来转去。

      Who cannot recognize a Tennessee Williams play or a novel by John Updike or ErnestHemingway or a poem by Robert Frost or W. H. Auden or T. S. Eliot? The same is true ofpainters like Monet, Renoir, Dali or Picasso and it is true of movie makers like Hitchcock, Fellini,Spielberg, Chen Kai-ge or Zhang Yimou. Their distinctive styles marked a significant change inthe traditional forms and granted them fame and forturn, but they were not free to developother styles or forms because their audience demanded of each of them what they originallypresented. Hemingway cannot even now be confused with Henry James or anyone else, norcan Forst be confused with Yeats, etc. The unique forms each of them created, created them.No artist or performer can entirely escape the lure of fame and its promise of endlessadmiration and respect, but there is a heavy price one must pay for it.

      有哪个人会认识不出一本田纳西·威廉斯的剧本、一本约翰·厄普代克或欧内斯特·海明威的小说,或罗伯特·弗罗斯特,或W.H奥登或T.S艾略特所写的一首诗歌呢?画家中,如莫奈、雷诺阿、达利或毕加索的画,导演制片如希区科克、费利尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌、张艺谋等等的作品,不也正是这样吗?他们的独特风格,迥异于一般传统,给他们带来美誉及财富。但他们不能自由地另创风格或形式。这是因为群众向他们每个人所要求的正是他们原来所提供的一切。直到现在,海明威决不能与亨利·詹姆斯或其他任何人相混淆,弗罗斯特也决不能与叶芝相混淆,如此等等。他们每个人都创造了独特风格。也创遣了他们自己。没有一位艺术家或表演家能完全逃避荣誉的引诱,荣誉给他们带来无穷的赞扬和崇敬,但他们要付出的代价也是靠常昂贵的。

      Fame brings celebrity and high regard from adoring and loyal fans in each field of endeavor andit is heady stuff. A performer can easily come to believe that he or she is as good as his or herpress. But most people, most artists do not gain fame and fortune. What about thoseperformers who fail, or anyone who fails? Curiously enough, failure often serves as its ownreward for many people! It brings sympathy from others who are delighted not to be you, andit allows family and friends to lower their expectation of you so that you need not competewith those who have more talent and who secceed. And they find excuses and explanations foryour i*lity to succeed and become famous: you are too sensitive, you are not interested inmoney, you are not interested in the power that fame brings and you are not interested in theloss of privacy it demands, etc. ---all excuses, but comforting to those who fail and those whopretend not to notice the failure.

      在每个领域里,出了名就会使一些虔敬的入迷者表示赞扬和尊崇,但这也是一种容易使人陶醉的东西。一位表演家粮容易相信自己的成就当真和报章舆论所说的一样。可是大多数人,大多数艺人并没有得到声名财富。那些失败的表现者又如何呢?其他任何一个失败者又如何呢?真奇怪,对很多人来说,失败也常常会起一种报偿的作用!有些人庆幸自己不像你那样地失败,就会对你表示同情,你的亲朋们也会降低对你的期望,使你不必去同那些才智胜于你而获得成功的人们较量。他们会找借口解说你不成功不出名的原因,说什么:你太敏感了呀;你对金钱没有兴趣呀;你对声名所能带来的权力不感兴趣呀;因为声誉要使你丧失隐私权,因而你不感兴趣呀,等等--这一些无非都是借口而已,但对失败者或假装不关心自己失败的人来说,都多少带来一点安慰。

      History has am* proven that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives doesindeed motivate them to strive even harder to succeed and to continue believing inthemselves. Thomas Wolfe, the American novelist, had his first novel Look Homeward, Angerrejected 39 times before it was finally published and launched his career and created his fame.Beethoven overcame his tyrannical father and grudging acceptance as a musician to becomethe greatest, most famous musician in the world, and Pestalozzi, the famous Italian educator inthe 19th century, failed at every job he ever had until he came upon the idea of teachingchildren and developing the fundamental theories to produce a new form of education.Thomas Edison was thrown out of school in fourth grade, at about age 10, because he seemedto the teacher to be quite dull and unruly. Many other cases may be found of people who failedand used the failure to motivate them to achieve, to succeed, and to become famous. But,unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle, not the beginning. There arefew, if any, famous failures.

      历史已充分证明有些人在生命中某些时刻遭遇的失败确实促使他们更努力奋斗,继续深信自己,以求得成功。美国小说家托马斯·沃尔夫的第一部小说《天使,望故乡》出版之前,被退稿39次,终于开始了他的写作事业并赢得了声誉。贝多芬不屈服于他的专横的父亲,还忍气当过乐师,但终于克服一切,成为全世界最伟大最著名的音乐家。19世纪意大利著名教育家贝斯达洛齐从事各业一无成就,但最后专心于儿童教育,研讨了新教育法的基本原理,形成一种新的教育理论。托马斯·爱迪生十岁左右,从四年级里被赶出校外,因为教师觉得他又笨又倔强。这种以失败为动力,奋发有为,成名成家的人还有多例可举。但不幸的是,对多数人来说,失败是奋斗的结束,而不是开始。成名的失败事例即使有,也是少数。

      Well then, why does anyone want fame? Do you? Do you want to be known to many peopleand admired by them? Do you want the money that usually comes with fame? Do you want themedia to notice everything you do or say both in public and in private? Do you want themhounding you, questioning you and trying to undo you? In American politics it is very obviousthat to be famous is to be the target of everyone who disagrees with you as well as of themedia. Fame turns all the lights on and while it gives power and prestige, it takes the you outof you: you must be what the public thinks you are, not what you really are or could be. Thepolitician, like the performer, must please his or her audiences and that often means sayingthings he does not mean or does not believe in fully. No wonder so few people trust politicians.But we have not answered the question at the beginning of this paragraph: why does anyonewant fame? Several reasons come to mind: to demonstrate excellence in some field; to gainthe admiration and love of many others; to be the one everyone talks about; to show familyand friends you are more than they thought you were. Probably you can list some otherreasons, but I think are reasonably common.

      那么,一个人为什么要追求声誉呢?你追求声誉吗?你希望许多人都知道你赞赏你吗?你要那个往往随声誉而来的金钱吗?你要传播媒介注意你在公开或私下的一言一行吗?你要他们像猎狗似的追逐着你,向你提问,想办法拆你的台脚吗?在美国政界中非常明显,你要出名就得成为反对你的每个人的目标,也是传播媒介的目标。声誉把一切灯光打亮,一边给你权力和威望,另一边也把“你”赶出你的自身之外:你必须成为大众意想之中的你,而不是那个真实的你或者可能实现的你。像表演家一样,政治家必须讨好他的听众,这就往往意味着要讲一点自己并不完全相信或同意的话。所以相信政治家的人是如此之少,这就不足为奇了。但是我们还没有回答本节开始所提的问题:为什么人人都追求声誉呢?我们想到的是下列几点理由:为了显示出在某方面的超越成就;赢得许多人的景仰爱慕;做一个人人都在提到的人;在亲朋前显示你超乎于他们对你的想象之上。也许你还可加些其他理由,但我觉得上述各点当然是普遍的。

      Is it possible to be famous and to remain true to yourself, the real you? Perhaps, but one ishard pressed to come up with the names of those who have done their thing their way andsecceeded in the fame game. Many political dissidents around the world, in particular, DawnAung Suu Kyi of Burma, is a rare exception to the rule that says maintaining unpopular viewsor unpopular attitudes or approaches in any field will destroy you. The famous Irish writerOscar Wilde, a very successful writer of stories, poems and plays, was known for his mostunusual clothing and eccentric behavior, social and sexual. This behavior brought him to theattention of the mother of a young man Oscar was intimate with and she accused him. He wasfurious about this and sued the young man's mother which led to a trial and imprisonment fortwo years. He remained true to himself and paid a heavy price for it by being ostracized anddefamed.

      是否有可能既出名又保持着真实的你呢?也许可能。但我苦恩冥索实在想不出那些既能以己意行事而又能在声誉角逐中获胜的人的姓名来。世界上有许多持不同政见的人们,特别像缅甸的昂山苏姬,是稀有的超越常规的例外情况。因为一般常规是在任何场合里,如果你采取反群众的观点、态度及方法,必将使你自己毁灭。著名的爱尔兰作家奥斯卡。王尔德以小说、诗歌及剧本极为著称,同时,也因他的奇装异服和怪异的社交和性行为出了名。这种行为受到他的一位青年密友的母亲的注意。她指责了王尔德。王尔德为此大发雷霆,向这位青年的母亲提出控诉。之后,法庭判他两年徒刑。王尔德为了忠实于自己,付出了受社会排斥及丧失名誉的沉重代价。

      Time magazine of June 17, 1996 devoted a good deal of its issue to discussing people (25 inAmerica) who are the most influential in the country in their opinion. They added a short essayon who are the most powerful people in America and no one on the first list appeared on thesecond list, and strangely enough, none of the poeple on either list was described as famous,although I think several surely are. Can we really distinguish influential people and powerfulpeople from those who are famous? Maybe, but their list of influential prople includes JerrySeinfeld the comedian and TV star, Courtney Love the singer and drug addict whose fame hascome largely through her husband Kurt Cobain, the guitarist who committed *, and thelist inbludes Oparh Winfrey the talk show host and Calvin Klein the clothing designer. All ofthese people are famous , but I believe, not very influential in the sense that they change theway most of us think or act. In Time magazine's list we find a Supreme Court justice, SandraDay O'Connorm, who is no more influential or powerful than any of other justices. PresidentClinton is not considered influential (?) but is considred powerful! You decide if you thinkfamous and influential and powerful are closely related, or different.

      1996年6月17日那期的《时代》周刊以很多篇幅讨论他们心目中各国最有影响的人物(美国有25人)。他们又为美国最有权势的人加一篇短文。在第一个名单中(指最有影响的--译者注)没有一个人在第二个名单中(指最有权势的--译者注)出现。奇怪的是,在两个名单中,没有一个是被称为有声誉的,尽管我觉得其中有些人确有声誉。我们真的能把有影响的人、有权力的人同有声誉的人加以区分吗?也许可以。但他们的有影响人物名单中包括喜剧演员和电视明星杰里。圣菲尔德;歌手和吸毒者哥特尼·洛夫,此人的名望主要来自她的丈夫,那个自杀的吉他手库尔特·柯本。这名单里还包括脱口秀主持人奥柏拉。温弗里和服装设计师卡尔文·克莱恩。这些都是名人,但我想不是很有影响的,因为他们不是能够改变我们大多数人的思想或行为的人。在《时代》杂志表里我们也发现最高法院法官桑德拉·岱·奥康纳,她也并不比其他八位法官中的任何一位更有影响或更有权力。*总统不算有影响,只被认为是有权力而已!如你以为有声誉、有影响和有权力三者是紧密相联或可以划分的话,那么,随你决定吧。

      I believe that fame and celebrity, influence and power, success and failure, reality and illusionare all somehow neatly woven into a seamless fabric we laughingly call reality. I say to thosewho desperately seek fame and fortune, celebrity: good luck. But what will you do when youhave caught your tail, your success, your fame? Keep chasing it ? If you do catch it, hang onfor dear life because falling is not as painful as landing. See you soon famous and almostfamous, wayfarers on this unbright, nonlinear planet!

      我相信声誉和赞扬、影响和权力、成功和失败、现实和幻想都好像是精密编织在一匹光洁无缝的织品之中,即我们笑称之现实的东西。对那些拼命追求声誉、财富和赞赏的人们,我说:祝您好运。但当你已抓住了尾巴、成功、声誉之后,你将做什么呢?一直追逐下去吗?如你确实抓住了它的话,那就舍命也不要松手,因为下坠总比坠地要少痛苦一点。走在这苍茫而不可理喻的星球上的芸芸过客们,我盼你们不久就功成名就,或*乎功成名就吧!

      Fame is very much like an animal chasing its own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it. Fame and the exhilarating celebrity that accompanies it, force the famous person to participate in his or her own destruction. Ironic isn't it?

      Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of possessing a single talent or skill: singing, dancing, painting, or writing, etc. The successful performer develops a style that is marketed aggressively and gains some popularity, and it is this popularity that usually convinces the performer to continue performing in the same style, since that is what the public seems to want and to enjow. But in time, the performer becomes bored singing the same songs in the same way year after year, or the painter becomes bored painting similar scenes or portraite, or the actor is tired of playing the same character repeatedly. The demand of the public holds the artist hostage to his or her own success, fame. If the artist attempts to change his or her style of writing or dancing or singing, etc., the audience may turn away and look to confer fleeting fickle fame on another and then, in time, on another , and so on and so on.

      Who cannot recognize a Tennessee Williams play or a novel by John Updike or Ernest Hemingway or a poem by Robert Frost or W. H. Auden or T. S. Eliot? The same is true of painters like Monet, Renoir, Dali or Picasso and it is true of movie makers like Hitchcock, Fellini, Spielberg, Chen Kai-ge or Zhang Yimou. Their distinctive styles marked a significant change in the traditional forms and granted them fame and forturn, but they were not free to develop other styles or forms because their audience demanded of each of them what they originally presented. Hemingway cannot even now be confused with Henry James or anyone else, nor can Forst be confused with Yeats, etc. The unique forms each of them created, created them. No artist or performer can entirely escape the lure of fame and its promise of endless admiration and respect, but there is a heavy price one must pay for it.

      Fame brings celebrity and high regard from adoring and loyal fans in each field of endeavor and it is heady stuff. A performer can easily come to believe that he or she is as good as his or her press. But most people, most artists do not gain fame and fortune. What about those performers who fail, or anyone who fails? Curiously enough, failure often serves as its own reward for many people! It brings sympathy from others who are delighted not to be you, and it allows family and friends to lower their expectation of you so that you need not compete with those who have more talent and who secceed. And they find excuses and explanations for your i*lity to succeed and become famous: you are too sensitive, you are not interested in money, you are not interested in the power that fame brings and you are not interested in the loss of privacy it demands, etc. ---all excuses, but comforting to those who fail and those who pretend not to notice the failure.

      History has am* proven that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does indeed motivate them to strive even harder to succeed and to continue believing in themselves. Thomas Wolfe, the American novelist, had his first novel Look Homeward, Anger rejected 39 times before it was finally published and launched his career and created his fame. Beethoven overcame his tyrannical father and grudging acceptance as a musician to become the greatest, most famous musician in the world, and Pestalozzi, the famous Italian educator in the 19th century, failed at every job he ever had until he came upon the idea of teaching children and developing the fundamental theories to produce a new form of education. Thomas Edison was thrown out of school in fourth grade, at about age 10, because he seemed to the teacher to be quite dull and unruly. Many other cases may be found of people who failed and used the failure to motivate them to achieve, to succeed, and to become famous. But, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle, not the beginning. There are few, if any, famous failures.

      Well then, why does anyone want fame? Do you? Do you want to be known to many people and admired by them? Do you want the money that usually comes with fame? Do you want the media to notice everything you do or say both in public and in private? Do you want them hounding you, questioning you and trying to undo you? In American politics it is very obvious that to be famous is to be the target of everyone who disagrees with you as well as of the media. Fame turns all the lights on and while it gives power and prestige, it takes the you out of you: you must be what the public thinks you are, not what you really are or could be. The politician, like the performer, must please his or her audiences and that often means saying things he does not mean or does not believe in fully. No wonder so few people trust politicians. But we have not answered the question at the beginning of this paragraph: why does anyone want fame? Several reasons come to mind: to demonstrate excellence in some field; to gain the admiration and love of many others; to be the one everyone talks about; to show family and friends you are more than they thought you were. Probably you can list some other reasons, but I think are reasonably common.

      I say to those who desperately seek fame and fortune, celebrity:good luck. But what will you do when you have caught your tail, your success, and your fame? Keep chasing it? If you do catch it, hang on for dear life because falling is not as painful as landing. See you soon famous and almost famous.

      【翻译】

      名声就像一只追逐自己尾巴的动物,当它抓住它的时候,它不知道还能做什么,只能继续追逐它。名声和随之而来的令人兴奋的名声,迫使名人参与到他或她自己的毁灭中。讽刺的不是吗?

      获得名望通常获得它的人由于拥有一个天赋或技能:唱歌,跳舞,绘画,或写作,等等。成功的表演者积极开发销售的风格并获得一些声望,和这个流行通常让表演者继续在同一风格的表现,因为这就是公众似乎想要和enjow。但随着时间的推移,表演者厌倦了同样的歌曲,年复一年地唱着同样的`歌,或者画家厌倦了画类似的场景或肖像,或者演员厌倦了反复扮演同一个角色。公众对艺术家的要求使他或她自己的成功成为人质。如果艺术家试图改变他或她的写作风格、舞蹈或歌唱等,观众可能会转向别处,寻求稍纵即逝的浮躁的名声,然后,在时间上,在另一个,如此等等。

      谁不认识田纳西·威廉姆斯的戏剧或者约翰·厄普代克(John Updike)或欧内斯特·海明威(Ernest Hemingway)的小说,还是罗伯特·弗罗斯特(Robert Frost)或w·h·奥登(w·h·Auden)或艾略特(t·s·Eliot)的一首诗?像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利或毕加索这样的画家也是如此,像希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。他们独特的风格标志着传统形式的显著改变,并赋予他们名声和力量,但他们因为他们的观众要求他们每个人最初呈现的东西,所以他们没有自由发展其他的风格或形式。海明威甚至不能与亨利·詹姆斯或其他任何人混淆,也不能与叶芝混淆。这些独特的形式创造了他们,创造了他们。没有一个艺术家或表演者能完全逃脱名声的诱惑,也没有得到无限钦佩和尊重的承诺,但必须付出沉重的代价。

      在每一个领域都有名人和忠诚的粉丝,这是令人兴奋的事情。一个表演者很容易就会相信自己和他的媒体一样优秀。但大多数人,大多数艺术家并不会名利双收。那些失败的表演者,或者失败的人怎么办?奇怪的是,失败往往是对许多人的奖赏。它能带给那些不喜欢你的人的同情,它允许家人和朋友降低对你的期望,这样你就不必与那些有更多天赋的人竞争。他们找借口和解释对你无法成功和成名:你太敏感,你的钱不感兴趣,你不感兴趣的名声带来的力量,你不感兴趣的隐私要求,等等都是借口,但安慰那些失败,那些假装没有注意到失败。

      历史已经充分证明,某些人在某些时刻的失败确实激励他们更加努力地取得成功,并继续相信自己。美国小说家托马斯·沃尔夫(Thomas Wolfe)第一部小说《回家看》(Look Homeward),愤怒被拒绝了39次才最终出版发行职业生涯并创造了他的名声。贝多芬克服了他残暴的父亲和勉强接受作为一个音乐家成为最伟大的,世界上最著名的音乐家,和裴斯塔洛齐,在19世纪意大利著名教育家,在每一份工作,他曾经失败,直到他来到教会孩子的想法和发展基本理论产生一种新形式的教育。托马斯·爱迪生在四年级的时候被学校开除了,大约10岁,因为他觉得老师很呆板,不守规矩。许多其他的案例可能被发现是那些失败的人,他们利用失败来激励他们取得成功,成功,并成为名人。但不幸的是,对于大多数人来说,失败是他们奋斗的终点,而不是开始。几乎没有什么著名的失败。

      那么,为什么有人想要出名呢?你呢?你想要被许多人所了解,被他们所崇拜吗?你想要那些通常伴随名誉而来的钱吗?你想让媒体注意到你在公共和私人场合所做的一切吗?你是想让他们追着你,问你,想要解开你?在美国的政治中,很明显,要出名,就得成为所有不同意你和媒体的人的目标。名声把所有的灯都打开,当它赋予权力和威望时,它将你从你身上带出:你必须是公众认为你是什么,而不是你真正的或可能的。政治家,像表演者一样,必须取悦他或她的听众,这通常意味着说他不代表或不相信的事情。难怪很少人会这么做。

      Fame

      Fame is very much like an animal chasing its own tailwho, when he captures it, does not know what elseto do but to continue chasing it. Fame and thedelighting popularity that accompanies it, force thefamous person to participate in his or her owndestruction.

      Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result ofpossessing a single talent or skill: singing, dancing, painting, or writing, etc. The successful perfor*velops a style that is marketed aggressively andgains some popularity. And it is this popularity that usually convinces the performer tocontinue performing in the same style, since that is what the public seems to want and toenjoy. But in time, the performer becomes bored singing the same songs in the same way yearafter year, or the painter becomes bored painting similar scenes or portraits, or the actor istired of playing the same character repeatedly. The demand of the public holds the artisthostage to his or her own success, fame. If the artist attempts to change his or her style ofwriting or dancing or singing, etc.the audience may turn away and look to confer changeablefame which is passing quickly on another.

      I believe that fame and celebrity, influence and power,success and failure, reality and illusionare all somehow neatly woven into a seamless fabric we laughingly call reality. I say to thosewho desperately seek fame and fortune, celebrity:good luck. But what will you do when youhave caught your tail, your success, and your fame? Keep chasing it? If you do catch it, hangon for dear life because falling is not as painful as landing. See you soon famous and almostfamous.

      声誉

      声誉很像一只追逐自己尾巴的动物,当它抓住了自己的尾巴后,除了再继续追逐外再不知做什么。声誉与令人兴奋的知名度相生相伴,从而使名人走向毁灭。

      那些声名鹊起之人多半是由于有一技之长;唱歌、跳舞、绘画或写作等。一个成功的表演者发展了一种雄踞市场的风格因而受到欢迎。正是由于这种受欢迎程度才使得他继续保持这种风格,因为这种风格是大众所需要和喜爱的。但最终,歌手为年复一年地以同样的方式唱同样的歌而感到心烦,画家为画类似的风景人物而感到厌倦,演员为

      反复演同样的角色而疲惫不堪。公众的需求使得艺术家们固守自己的名誉。若他们企图改变自己的写作风格、唱腔、舞步等,则听众、观众便会离去,把稍纵即逝的名誉给予他人。

      我相信名誉和声望、影响和权力、成功与失败,现实和幻想都以某种方法整齐地编织在山张无缝隙的织缎中,即我们所笑称的现实。我对那些拼命寻求名誉、财富和声望的人说:祝你好运。但当你抓住自己的尾巴、获得成功和赢得名誉之后你又能做什么呢?继续追逐名利吗?如果你确实抓住的话,千万抓紧了,因为下坠与落地的痛楚不一样。祝你很快成名或差不多成名!

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  • 《服装英语》课文翻译

  • 英语,教育
  • 《服装英语》课文翻译

      对于做外贸服装的朋友们来说,其实服装相关的英语词汇是必须掌握的,但是不是对词汇无从下手呢?小编已经为您整理好,请参考。

      CONSTRUCTION

      (就是做工要求/工艺说明的意思)

      Mobilon – lower edge of waist basque to below measurements.

      低腰巴斯克衫/下装,尺寸度法如下!(这个句子估计是你单独贴这里来翻译的跟下面的这个没关系,你要按照你原始资料那里的如下资料度法)

      Hanger tape – in inner waist side seams as notched – see below cut measurements.

      衣架绳/织带,内置入外侧骨腰位处,跟标记的位置,绳/织带按如下尺寸剪.

      Crotch seam – please double stitch to ensure strength.

      裤裆骨位-请用双针线迹更加牢固.

      Waist band darts – stitch from 0cms at edge notches – 1.2cms either

      腰头省位-从腰头零线位开始车到边角点位处长度是1.2CM每个.

      side of waist drill – back to 0cms at other side notch.

      腰头外侧(drill=twill)-意思就是后幅斜条打摺的外侧到腰头零线位.

      Waist elastic – cut to template provided and in fold edge of

      waistband – catch into side seams.

      腰头象筋-根据提供的实样剪,然后折入腰头里面在外侧骨的地方接头,意思就是前后分2段,2段接头在外侧骨缝

      Front and Back leg seams to be narrow gauge 2NC topstitched – turn seam towsrds “side seam”.

      裤腿前后幅骨位小边双针面线要朝向外侧骨位!!

      Waist onto pant – 1cm and 4OL seam onto pant – stretch waist slightly to fit to pant. Tum seam down and narrow 2NC.

      裤子的`腰头-裤子子口是1CM和2.5CM.腰头要轻微固定一下那样显得更合体!

      中空骨位倒下要车小边双针

      Pocket darts – stitch from edge notches to 1cm past end drills.

      口袋省位-点位边开始车过1CM到斜条头部.

      Pocket Top edge – turn in 1cm then 4cm and SN.

      口袋顶边-反折进1CM,然后是4CM最后压面线.

      Pocket attachment – 3OL around pocket – turn under 1cm and plainsew to front legs – place top comer 6mms up and out from marks.

      口袋其他要点--口袋四周车7/8英寸宽的面线--里边折1CM*着车入前裤腿上--面置于起上原标注的位置外上6CM处

      center front length from HSP 肩点量前衣长

      center back length HSP 肩点量后衣长

      across front at 5" from HSP 前胸宽(肩点下5")

      across back at 5" from HSP 后背宽(肩点下5")

      front neck drop(from HSP)肩点量前领深

      back neck drop(from HSP)肩点量后领深

      chest 1"below armhole 袖笼下1"量胸围

      waist width at waist level 腰围线处量腰围

      waist level from HSP 肩点下量腰围线位置

      high hips width 4 from HSP 肩点下量高臀位

      hips width 9 from HSP 肩点下量臀位

      bottom width straight 下摆直量

      neck width seam to seam 领宽(缝到缝)

      hole width between same side shoulder

      shoulder slope(int shoulder) 肩斜

      shoulder slope(ext shoulder)肩斜

      armhole stright 袖笼直量

      gth from CBNeck 后中量袖长

      rouched side seam length relaxed 侧缝收皱后*量

      rouched side seam length extended 侧缝收皱后拉量

      non-rouched side seam length未收皱前侧缝长

      rouched shoulder extended 收皱后的肩宽拉量

      shoulder width relaxed 肩宽*量

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  • 八下英语课文及翻译

  • 英语,教育
  • 八下英语课文及翻译

      英语翻译是八年级英语学*中的重要内容,以下是小编整理的八下英语课文及翻译,欢迎阅读参考,希望对大家有所帮助!

      1、2a部分翻译

      Accidents or problems can sometimes happen when we do sports. Write the letter of each sport next to each accident or problem that can happen.

      当我们做运动时,有时可能会出现意外或问题。在可能会出现的每个意外或问题旁边写出代表每项运动的字母。

      A=soccer

      A=足球

      B=mountaion climbing

      B=爬山

      c=swimming

      C=游泳

      ____fall down

      摔倒

      ___get sunburned

      困难

      ___have problems breathing

      被球击中

      ___cut ourselves

      被割伤

      ___hurt our back or arm

      伤着背或者胳膊

      2、2b部分翻译

      Read the passage and underline der ine the words you don't know. Then look up the words in a dic-tionary and write down their meanings

      阅读短文,在你不认识的单词下面画线。然后查词典,写下它们的意思。

      Finding the Order of Event

      找出事件的顺序

      Writers describe events in acertain Order.Finding the order of the events will help you understand what you are readin.

      作者们按一定的顺序描写事件。找出事件的顺序将会帮助你理解你正在阅读的内容。

      He Lost His Arm But Is Still Climbing

      他失去了手臂但还在爬山

      Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing. As a mountain climbing. As mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. This is one of the exciting things about doing dangerous sport, There were many times when Aron almost lost his because of accidents. On April 26,2003 he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing un Utah.

      啊伦·罗尔斯顿是一位对爬山感兴趣的美国人。作为一名登山者,阿伦*惯于冒险。这是从事危险运动刺激的一面。有许多次,阿伦都因为事故而命悬一线。在2003年4月26日,在犹他州登山

      时他发现自己处在了非常危险的禁地中。

      On that day, Aron's arm was caught under a 2,000-kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains.Because he coulf not free his arm,hestayed there for five days and hoped that someone would

      find him.But when his water ran out,he know that he would have to do something to save his own life.He was not ready to die that day.So he used his life tocut off halfhis right arm.Then,with his left arm,he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood.After that,he climbed dowm the mountain to find help.

      那一天,当阿伦独自登山时,一块360公斤的岩石的`朝他落下来,他的一条胳膊被压在了岩石下。因为无法使自己的胳膊挣脱开来,他在那儿待了五天,希望有人会发现他。但当他的水喝完时,他明白必须做些什么来拯救自己了。他不想那天就死去。因此他用刀子切除了他的半条右臂。然后,他用左臂给自己打上绷带,这样不至于失过多。在那之后,他爬下山去寻求帮助。

      After losing his arm,he wrote a book called Between a Rock and aHard Place .this means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem toget out of.In this book,Aron tells of te importance of making good decisions, and of being incontrol of one's life.His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.

      在他失去胳膊之后,他写了一本名为《生死两难》的书。书名的意思是“处于一种你似乎无法的困境之中”。在这本书中,阿伦讲述了正确 ,抉择和自我掌控命运的重要性。他对登山如此酷爱,甚至在这次断臂经历之后他还继续爬山。

      Do we have the same spirit as Aron? Let's think about it before we find ourslves "between arock and a hard place",and before we hace tomake a decision thatcould mean life or death.

      我们有阿伦那样的精神吗?在我们发现自己处于生死两难的境地及在我们不得不作出生抉择之前,让我们先思考一下吧。

      3、2c部分翻译

      Read the statements and cicle True,False

      or Don't Know.读这些陈述,圈出“正确”“错误”或“不知道”。

      4、2d部分翻译

      Read the passage again and answer the questions.

      再读短文,回答问题。

      1.Where did the accident happen on April 26,2003?

      在2003年4月26日,这个事故发生在什么地方?

      2.Why couldn't Aron move?

      阿伦为什么不能动?

      3.How did Aron free himself?

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  • 八下英语课文翻译

  • 英语,教育
  • 八下英语课文翻译

      在我们*凡的学生生涯里,看到知识点,都是先收藏再说吧!知识点是知识中的最小单位,最具体的内容,有时候也叫“考点”。掌握知识点有助于大家更好的学*。下面是小编为大家收集的八下英语课文翻译,欢迎大家分享。

      It was not until 1960 that three Chinese climbers first succeeded in standing on the top of Qomolangma by climbing the north face of the mountain.直到1960年才有三名*登山员从山峰北面成功地攀上了珠穆朗玛峰顶。

      For over two months they made their way up the mountain. They faced the cold weather and strong winds with snow.Tents, sleeping bags, food—everything they used had to be carried. 他们一路向上攀登,历时两个多月。他们面临着严寒天气和强烈风雪的`恶劣环境,并且还必须一路带着帐篷,睡袋,食物等必需品。

      The temperature dropped to 40 degrees below zero. Still they struggled on, and climbed steep ice walls smooth as glass. 即使气温降到零下40度,他们也没有放弃拼搏努力,(正是这种拼搏精神让他们)攀爬的陡峭冰壁也仿佛*坦如草地。

      The lack of oxygen made their breathing painful, as if they had run for miles. Each step required great efforts of body and mind. 缺氧是他们呼吸困难,(即使是一小步的距离也会让他们看起来)就像是跑完百米后的气喘吁吁。每一步的迈出都需要他们身心作出巨大的努力。

      One day in ancient Greece, King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a golden crown. At first, he was very happy with it.

      古希腊的一天,海尔罗国王请一位制作皇冠的人给他制作一顶金皇冠.起初,他对皇冠感到非常高兴.

      “It’s a nice crown, isn’t it?” he asked his men. Later, however, he began to doubt that it was a real golden crown. “Is it made completely of gold?” he wondered. He sent it to Archimedes and asked him to find out the truth.

      “这是一个很漂亮的皇冠,不是吗?”他问仆人.然而后来他开始怀疑皇冠是否是一顶真的金皇冠.“这真是纯金的吗?”他纳闷着.他把皇冠送到了阿基米德那里,叫他搞清楚真相.

      “This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?” thought Archimedes. “这个问题似乎很难解决.我该怎么办?”阿基米德想.

      Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water. When he got into the bath, some water ran over.

      当阿基米德往浴池里倒水的时候他仍然思考着这个难题.当他进入浴池时,一些水溢了出来.

      “That’s it!” shouted Archimedes. “I know how to solve the king’s problem!” “就是如此”阿基米德喊道,“我知道如何解决国外的难题了!”

      Archimedes went straight to the palace to see the king. First, he weighed the crown and asked the king for some gold of the same weight. 阿基米德直接去到了宫

      殿觐见国王.首先,他称了皇冠,然后像国王要了同等重量的金子. Next, he put two pots into two big bowls and filled both pots with water. He put the gold into one

      pot and some water ran into the bowl. Then he put the crown into the other pot. This time, even more water ran into the bowl.

      接着,他放了两个罐子到两个大碗里,然后把罐子注满了水.他把金子放入其中一个罐,一些水跑到了碗里.然后他把皇冠放入另一个罐.这一次,更多的水跑到了碗里.

      “Look at this,” said Archimedes to King Hiero. “A crown made completely of gold displaces less water than a crown made of gold and another metal. This crown

      displaced more water than gold of the same weight, so I’m certain that it’s not completely made of gold.” “快看”阿基米德对国王说道.“一个完全由金子制作

      的皇冠比一个由金子和其他金属制作的皇冠要取代更少的水.这顶皇冠比同等质量的金子取代更多的水,所以我确定这不是纯金的.

      “The crown maker tricked me , didn’t he? What a bad man he is!” shouted King Hiero. He then sent the crown maker to prison.

      “金匠骗了我,对不对?这个大坏人!”海尔罗国王喊道.然后他把金匠投入了监狱.

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  • 大学英语1翻译课文

  • 教育
  • 大学英语1翻译课文

      导语:学*这件事不在于有没有人教你,最重要的是在于你自己有没有觉悟和恒心。以下小编为大家介绍大学英语1翻译课文文章,欢迎大家阅读参考!

      天气

      嘿,你们这帮家伙!可别忘了下个星期玲玲的生日。

      对呀。我们要为她买一件礼物。天气非常冷,不是吗?

      是的,很冷。

      托尼,你春节打算做什么事情?

      我们打算去英国。

      那儿会下雪吗?

      你肯定是在开玩笑吧。那甚至都不会很冷,只是下雨。还可能会刮风。贝蒂,你要去美国吗?

      我们还没有定。我们可能去澳大利亚。

      这听起来太棒了!那儿的天气会怎么样?

      我想会不错吧。那个时候,澳大利亚是夏天,所以可能会很热而且阳光灿烂。那你呢,大明?

      我们要去香港。那儿可能很凉,但是可能会很干燥。贝蒂,去美国的最佳时机是什么时候?

      那就在既不太冷……也不太热的时候去!

      行啦,还是赶紧走吧!

      你打算为玲玲买什么礼物?

      穿着暖和的东西!

      什么时候是游览你所在的城市或国家的最佳时机

      美国是一个很大的国家,所以要去那里游玩的话,在时间和地点的选择上,一定要谨慎。也许你想四处走一走,因此要带上一份好地图。

      5月或10月是去纽约和华盛顿特区的好时候,那时的天气不是很热。冬天会有很多雪。

      在9月份游玩新英格兰是个好主意,天气开始变凉,树木开始变色。也许你要给秋天的叶子拍照,所以带上你的照相机是个不错的主意。

      在四千英里以外位于加利福尼亚州的洛杉矶,全年的天气都很好。在12月份的`时候能看到太阳,感觉真是太好了!带上游泳衣,说不定你会想去海里游泳呢。

      西北部并不十分寒冷,但雨水很多,所以要带雨伞。在7月和8月去阿拉斯加游玩,是很舒服的。但是到了晚上,可能会凉一些所以要记得穿暖和一些。但冬天可千万别去那里,因为那时全天都是黑天,并且寒冷彻骨。

      在德克萨斯州和东南部地区,夏天和秋天时常有暴风雨。和许多其它地方相比,那里常常骄阳似火。

      所以,最好在什么时候去美国?什么时候都可以!

      你必须等一等,过后再打开它

      大家别聊了。她来了!生日快乐,玲玲。

      呀,你们还记着呢!

      我们有礼物要送给你。

      谢谢。

      你可以把它打开!赶快!

      哦,不行!我不能现在把它打开。要过一会儿!

      等等!在美国,有人送你礼物时,你必必须要立刻打开它。

      不行,在*你不能马上打开礼物。

      还要记住:你接礼物时,必须要用双手接。

      双手接!在英国我们可以用一只手接!

      是这样的。另外,你必须用红色的纸包一个红包,因为这象征着吉利。不能用白色、蓝色或黑色的纸。

      大年初一那天你不能做扫除。

      还有就是你不能剪发。

      你是说着玩的吧!

      你还不能打碎任何东西,这不吉利!不管怎么说,放轻松点!英国的传统也是很怪的!

      还有就是你必须要多吃饺子!

      饺子是什么?

      你就等着瞧吧!

      对游客们提的建议:英国的传统生活

      当我在英国时,我过得很开心。但我注意到有很多不同的传统。

      例如,当你第一次见到人时通常是与他们握手。不过之后你就只需要说:“你好”就行了。当你与年长的人说话时要先说……先生或……太太/夫人。不过对你的朋友就可以直呼其名了。

      有一天,我们去拜访一些朋友并且一起喝茶。这个茶并不只是一杯饮品,而是指4点钟左右的一餐茶点。你不能在4点半以后和这顿茶,不能喝咖啡或果汁。而且你必须喝加了奶的茶。你必须先倒茶再往里加牛奶,也就说,你不能先倒牛奶后倒茶。

      在公共汽车或火车上,其他的乘客都很安静,而你绝对不能高谈阔论。这一点与*是非常不同的!在一些火车上你甚至不能使用手机!而且,在街上你几乎听不到有人大声喊叫。

      我非常幸运,甚至参加过一场婚礼。这儿的婚礼与*的婚礼是大不相同的。例如,在婚礼的前一天晚上新娘和新郎是不能见面的。然后新娘绝不能按规定时间到达教堂,而是要晚几分钟。在婚礼之后的聚会上,新娘要将她的花从她的肩膀上往后抛撒出去。接到花的女孩将是下一位新娘!这一切都很奇妙但是很有趣!

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  • 大学英语第3册课文翻译

  • 教育
  • 大学英语第3册课文翻译

      英语短语的用法是很重要的,所以要弄明白它所表达的中文意思。小编为大家精心准备了大学英语第3册课文翻译,欢迎大家前来阅读。

      The Expensive Fantasy of Lord Williams

      Tomintoul, Scotland — On Saturday night at The Grouse's Nest, they're still willing to raise a glass or two to “Lord Williams” though now his title prompts laughter. And now they just call him “Tony”.

      There are those in this beautiful village in the mountains of Scotland (population, 320) who say they were never quite sureabout Anthony Williams, the soft-spoken, wealthy noble who arrived in 1986 with his well-dressed wife.

      And there are others who say their suspicions were aroused over time, as the 55-year-old Mr. Williams, who appeared onweekends turned out in fine suits, bought up property after property, providing such a large injection of cash into the villagethat he single-handedly brought the community back to life.

      But no one could have possibly guessed the truth — that the man with endless money and a friendly manner was not a lordat all but a government employee living out a fantasy that he was a Scottish noble and paying for it by stealing funds fromScotland Yard.

      About two weeks ago, a regretful Mr. Williams, who had worked for the London police since 1959 and had risen to a£65,000 a year position as deputy director of finance, was brought into court and sentenced to seven and a half years inprison.

      Estimates are that he poured nearly £5 million of the stolen money into the village and gave jobs to 43 people. And nowthat he has fallen upon dark days at least some villagers are sticking by him.

      “I found him a very charming man, very friendly, considerate — not at all proud,” said Georgie McAllister, 70, themanager of the local museum whose family has been farming the surrounding hills for generations. “It's hard to understandhow a clever person like him could mislead people like that. It's sad. Of course, it did benefit the village. A lot of the propertieswere beautifully restored.”

      A few doors down the square, barber Donald Corr sat inside his shop and described how suspicions began to grow. “Everyonewondered where the money was coming from. Why was he spending it in a little place in the mountains? Christ, he wouldn'thave gotten it back in 100 years.”

      According to the court, Mr. Williams stole more than £8 million over eight years. Most of it came from a secret fund thathad been placed under his sole authority and that was supposed to be used to pay spies and conduct secret activities againstthe Irish Republican Army.

      Instead, it went to create one more British lord.

      Mr. Williams bought an estate with a fine brick house in England. He bought a beautiful home with white walls and a poolin Spain. He bought noble titles at auctions, spending £95,000 to become the Lord of Chirnside, and then adding on 10 moreScottish titles.

      But most of all, he sunk his dishonest gains into this village that captured his heart with its fine stone cottages, its centralarea of green grass, green rows of hedges, and its fantastic view of rolling fields and pine forests disappearing into the distancelike the men of an ancient army marching over the horizon.

      He bought multiple cottages and fixed them up. He purchased the pub and made it into a fine place to have a glass ofGlenlivet Scotch whiskey, produced only 10 miles (16 kilometers) to the north. And most of all, he bought the run-downGordon Arms Hotel and totally restored it, transforming it from a mess into a glorious first-class hotel with 30 handsomelyfurnished rooms, wood-paneled stairs, false bookshelves with fake leather books and an outstanding restaurant.

      “I would offer him three choices of glasses for the restaurant: an average one, a poor one, and fine crystal. Always, he chosethe crystal. Nothing but the best,” said David Abdy, who was chosen by Mr. Williams to manage the construction work andrun the businesses.

      Mr. Williams deceived everyone, including Mr. Abdy and including even his own wife, telling them that he inherited themoney from a rich uncle. He was caught because his bank deposits were so large that they were noticed by the bank'smanagement. The bank notified the police, who discovered, to their terrible embarrassment, that the criminal was one oftheir own.

      The London police commissioner publicly apologized for poorly supervising his department. Under a hastily madearrangement, the police will sell the properties, but at a substantial financial loss. Mr. Abdy, a 27-year-old businessman,acquired the bulk of the properties for about half a million pounds, obtaining bank loans and striking deals with various peopleto pay only a part of what they are owed by Mr. Williams.

      In the only interview he has given since his arrest a year ago, Mr. Williams discussed his motives for the crime with aLondon newspaper: “I discovered this bloody huge amount of money. I went from the need to pay off a few debts to what canonly be described as greed. There is no way to justify it.”

      翻译

      我哥哥吉米出生时遇上难产,因为缺氧导致大脑受损。两年后,我出生了。

      从此以后,我的生活便围绕我哥哥转。

      伴随我成长的,是“到外面去玩,把你哥哥也带上。”

      不带上他,我是哪里也去不了的。因此,我怂恿邻居的孩子到我家来,尽情地玩孩子们玩的游戏。

      我母亲教吉米学*日常自理,比如刷牙或系皮带什么的。

      我父亲宅心仁厚,他的耐心和理解使一家人心贴着心。

      我则负责外面的事,找到那些欺负我哥哥的孩子们的父母,告他们的状,为我哥哥讨回公道。

      父亲和吉米形影不离。

      他们一道吃早饭,*时每天早上一道开车去海军航运中心,他们都在那里工作,吉米在那搬卸标有彩色代号的箱子。

      晚饭后,他们一道交谈,玩游戏,直到深夜。

      他们甚至用口哨吹相同的曲调。

      所以,父亲1991年因心脏病去世时,吉米几乎崩溃了,尽管他尽量不表现出来。

      他就是不能相信父亲去世这一事实。

      通常,他是一个令人愉快的人,现在却一言不发,无论说多少话都不能透过他木然的脸部表情了解他的心事。

      我雇了一个人和他住在一起,开车送他去上班。然而,不管我怎么努力地维持原状,吉米还是认为他熟悉的世界已经消失了。

      有一天,我问他:“你是不是想念爸爸?”

      他的嘴唇颤抖了几下,然后问我:“你怎么看,玛格丽特?他是我最好的朋友。”

      接着,我俩都流下了眼泪。

      六个月后,母亲因肺癌去世,剩下我一人来照顾吉米。

      吉米不能马上适应去上班时没有父亲陪着,因此搬来纽约和我一起住了一段时间。

      我走到哪里他就跟到哪里,他好像适应得很好。

      但吉米依然想住在我父母的房子里,继续干他原来的工作。我答应把他送回去。

      此事最后做成了。

      如今,他在那里生活了11年,在许多人的照料下,同时依靠自己生活得有声有色。

      他已成了邻里间不可或缺的人物。

      如果你有邮件要收,或有狗要遛,他就是你所要的人。

      当然,母亲的话没错:可以有一个家,既能容纳他的缺陷又能装下我的雄心。

      事实上,关照像吉米这样一个深爱又感激我的人,更加丰富了我的生活,其他任何东西都不能与之相比。

      这一点,在9·11灾难后几天更显真切。那天是吉米57岁生日。

      我在纽约自己的家里为他举办生日宴会,但是我们家的人都没能来参加,因为交通困难,而且灾难带来的恐惧使他们依然心有余悸。

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  • 《学术英语综合》课文翻译

  • 英语,教育
  • 《学术英语综合》课文翻译

      为了让大家更好的理解并学*《学术英语综合》,下面小编给大家带来了《学术英语综合》课文翻译,希望能帮到大家!

      感谢全能的上帝是感恩节的主题,并自清教徒带来在他们的第一个丰收的朝圣者…直到今天,在全国各地的数以百万计的家庭,上帝会感谢许多礼物,桌上的盛宴和亲人的公司,健康和好运,在过去的一年,和*时期的家庭,为无数特权出生或成为-美国人。

      但这可能不会发生在我们太多的感谢的事实,本周当地超市有大量的火鸡出售。即使不虔诚感谢上帝的航班安排,使得某些亲人飞回家过感恩节。或为当地的电影院在周末的时间掌握和(电影名)到来。或者是报纸上伟大的越橘苹果派食谱的食品部分。

      这些东西我们采取更多或更少的理所当然。这几乎不需要一个奇迹来解释为什么杂货店的股票在感恩节前火鸡的股票,或者为什么好莱坞电影在大假期的时间释放。这就是他们所做的。上帝在哪里,然而,在那里,没有什么奇妙的东西-几乎是无法解释的-在你的感恩节周末的方式是可能的技能和劳动力的大量的陌生人

      把火鸡的餐桌,例如,需要成千上万的人努力的家禽农户养的鸟,当然,也提供营养,谁把它带到农场的卡车司机的饲料经销商,更不用说建筑师设计的孵化场,工人建造它,并保持它的运行技术人员。这只鸟已经被宰杀、拔毛和检查运输和卸载包售价并显示。完成这些任务的人是由其他人的军队来完成的,其他人完成了其他的任务--从精炼的汽油,燃料的卡车,制造塑料的肉类包装。

      无数的活动遥远的男人和女人经过结婚几个月必须精心设计和精确定时,使v'nen结果你买新鲜的感恩节火鸡,会有一个或更多的可能,几十个等待。协调水*,需要把它关闭是令人难以置信的。但更令人难以置信的是:没有一个协调。没有火鸡沙皇坐在指挥所的.地方,咨询硕士计划。发号施令。没有人骑着所有的人,迫使他们合作,为你的利益。然而他们合作。当你到达超市的时候,四只火鸡在那里。你不必做任何事情,但如果出现买thatisrit,奇迹。那我们应该称之为?

      亚当斯密称它为“看不见的手”导致无数人的神秘力量,各为自己的利益工作,推动结束,受益多。出于对不协调的私下交易,数以百万计的混乱出现自发的市场秩序。自由人自由地互动,结果是一系列的商品和服务,比人类的心灵更能理解。没有襡裁者,没有官僚机构,没有超级计算机提前计划。事实上,越是计划经济,就越是困扰着短缺的错位和失败…自由的社会秩序,如财富和进步,这是一个非同寻常的礼物。在这个感恩的日子,每一天,我们都要心存感激。

      一个男人正讨论给女友的生日礼物。”我知道;”他自言自语,“我给她现金。毕竟,我不知道她有什么品味,有了钱,她可以买任何她想要的东西,”但是当他交给她钱的时候,她很生气。他并不真的爱她,她打破了关系。这个故事背后的经济学是什么?在某些方面,送礼是一种奇怪的风俗。作为男人,在我们的故事中,人们通常都知道自己的喜好比人做的更好,所以我们可以期望每个人都喜欢现金的实物转移支付。如果你的雇主用替代的商品支付你的薪水,你可能会反对支付手段。但是你的反应是非常不同的,当有人(你希望)爱你做同样的事情。

      送礼的一种解释是,它反映了非对称信息和信令。我们故事里的男人有私人信息,女朋友想知道:他是否真的爱她,选择一个好的礼物给她是他的爱的信号。当然,挑选一份礼物,有正确的特性是一个信号。它是昂贵的(需要时间),它的成本取决于私人信息(多少他爱她)。如果他真的爱她,选择一个好礼物很容易,因为他一直在想着她。如果他不爱她,找到合适的礼物就更难了。因此,给了一个适合女友的礼物,是他传达他对她的爱的私人信息的一种方式。给现金表明他甚至不想尝试。

      送礼的最具信号原理的理论是一致的另一个观察:人们关心的惯例是,喜爱的优点是最大的问题。因此,给现金给一个女朋友或男友是个坏举动。但是当学生从家长那得到支票,他们不太经常生气。父母的爱不可能会有疑问,那么收件人可能不会将现金礼物当做喜爱缺乏的信号。

      微软案件

      *年来最重要和最有争议的反垄断案是美国*控告微软公司一案,于1998年提交。当然,这并不是缺少戏剧。它使世界上最富有的人之一(比尔盖茨)对抗一个世界上最强大的监管机构(美国司法)。为*辩护的是一个杰出的经济学家(麻省理工学院的教授富兰克林fisher,为微软辩护的是一个同样杰出的经济学家(麻省理工学院教授李察…岌岌可危的是世界上最有价值的公司(微软)是一个经济最快发展的产业(计算机软件)。微软案涉及的一个核心问题,特别是,微软是否应该被允许将其网络浏览器整合到其视窗操作系统中。*声称,微软将这两种产品捆绑在一起共同开拓市场支配力'到已经在电脑操作系统无关的市场(网络浏览器)。允许微软将这样的产品进入其操作系统,*称,这将阻止其他软件公司如网景公司进入市场,推出新产品。微软回应指出,把新功能加进老产品是技术进步的自然部分。今天,包括汽车音响和空调,曾经单独出售,还有相机内置闪光灯。同样的操作系统是正确的。随着时间的推移,微软已经增加了许多功能给Windows窗口,它以前是独立的产品。这使得计算机更可靠,更容易使用,因为消费者可以确定这些部件一起工作。微软认为,互联网技术的融合是自然的下一步。

      意见分歧一点是微软的市场权力。注意到超过80%以上的新个人电脑使用微软的操作系统,*认为该公司有大量的垄断权力,它在试图扩大。微软说,软件市场是不断变化的,微软的Windows不断地被竞争对手挑战,如苹果mac和Linux操作系统。它也认为,以50美元的低价格收取Windows,或只有典型电脑价格的3%,是它的市场控制力被严重限制的证据。

      经济学家早已了解贸易收益。这里是最伟大的经济学家亚当斯密提出的论点:“这是一句格言对每一个精明的家长,不要试图怒,可在家里将花费什么他比买。裁缝不想制作自己的鞋子,但买他们的鞋匠。鞋匠不想制作自己的衣服,但采用一个裁缝。农夫既不会去做一个也不是其他,而是雇用drjferent artficers。所有的人都认为自己的利益,在一种方式中,他们有一些优势,他们的邻居,并购买其产品的一部分,或什么是相同的东西,与价格的一部分,无论他们有什么机会。这个观点来自斯密的1776年的书《探究国民财富的性质和原因》,这是一个里程碑,在分析贸易与经济的相互依赖性。

      史密斯的著作启发了戴维李嘉图,百万富翁的经纪人,成为一个经济学家。在他的1817本书政治经济学及赋税原理,李嘉图提出了正如我们今天所知道的比较优势原理。他提出一个例子,有2个商品(葡萄酒和布)和两国(英国和葡萄牙)。他表明,这两个国家可以通过开放贸易和专业的比较优势的基础上获得好处。李嘉图的理论是现代国际经济学的出发点,但他的自由贸易防御的不是单纯的学术活动。李嘉图把自己的信念作为英国议会的一员,在那里他反对谷物法,是限制谷物进口的。

      亚当史密斯和戴维李嘉图的贸易所得的结论在好长时间都经住了考验。虽然经济学家经常在政策问题上意见分歧,但他们在自由贸易上意见一致。此外,在过去的2个世纪中没有太多改变。虽然扩大了其范围,细化了其理论,但经济学家对贸易限制的反对是基于比较优势理论。

      1.各种各样的证据表明:即使女性和男性说话方式相同,人们对他们的看法还是不同。这种倾向导致有关女性、男性和无能耐的讨论纷争不断。女性说话讲究方式方法被认为是低微无能,而换成男性则被认为是有能力的表现。视女性的语言为低微无能者的语言常常反映出男性看女性行为的视觉角度。

      2.女性不为高人一等而拼搏,往往就被认为是低人一等。在任何情况下都极容易发生误会。这也说明了为什么专家和非专家常常把女性以友善语言表述出来的思维方式曲解成低微无能的表现。没有什么能比一家报社刊登的采访片段更能清楚地说明这种根深蒂固的歧义。采访对象是一对心理学家夫妇,当记者问他们“表现得非常有礼貌”的含义时,这两位专家同时给出不同的答案。男性回答说:“服从”。女性回答说:“敏感”。两位专家都是正确的,只不过每个人描述的是不同性别的观点。

      3.专家和非专家都*惯把女性的任何行为看为低微无能的表现。以上同一篇报刊文章援引另一位心理学家的话说:“一个男人会这样问一个女人:‘请你去一趟商店好吗?’同样的情况下女人会说:‘哎,我真的需要从商店买点东西,但是我实在太累了。’”女性的这种表达方式被称为“隐蔽的”,该词含有“鬼祟”和“秘密”等贬义,而这样表达的原因归咎于一个“权”字,女人觉得她没有权利直接提出要求。

      4.的确,在我们(美国)社会里,女性的地位比男性低,但这不等于说她们不愿意提出直截了当的要求。女性的这种间接方式很可能是因为她们在努力寻找某种关系。如果愿意在自己的要求下得到满足,结果就是社会地位的胜利:你高人一等,因为别人按你的意志行事。而如果你的愿望得到满足是因为他人的愿望恰好和你的一致,或者是因为对方心甘情愿,结果就是融洽和谐。当你和对方的需求一致而一拍即合时,你既不高人一等,也不低人一等。而且如果双方都了解这种间接方式,那就不存在什么隐蔽:提出的要求很明确。称间接的沟通方式为隐蔽反映出那些青睐直接沟通方式的人的观点,即直接的方式才是“自然的”、“合乎逻辑的”,这种观点在男性中更普遍。

      5.间接方式本身并不反映低微无能。我们不难想象出权势者中有特权的人是怎样使用间接方式的。例如,一位有钱的夫妇用不着直接向听命于他们的用人发号施令,而只须简单地说明其愿望,房子的女主人说:“这儿冷,”用人就会去调高室温;房子的男主人说:“是晚饭的时间,”用人就会摆桌上菜。或许终极的间接是什么都不用说就能使某人做某事:女主人按一下铃,女仆端上下一道菜;家长走进有孩子正在嬉闹的房间,双手叉腰一站,他们就会戛然而止。

      6.所有文化都靠以“间接”二字所形成的复杂而精巧的体制去运作。例如,我在做一个小规模的研究项目时发现:当妻子问“你想去参加那个聚会吗?”,大多数希腊人认为他们的妻子是在暗示她想去。他们认为如果妻子不想去,她就不会提出这个问题。而且他们觉得之所以不直截了当提出,是因为她不想使她的愿望听上去像是要求。间接是传达她的意愿的最好方式。

      7.日本文化把间接沟通方式发展成为精美的艺术。例如,一位名叫别府春海的日本人类学家这样描述一次简单的午餐邀请所涉及的微妙的间接交流。当他的朋友发出邀请后,别府首先要弄清楚这个邀请是真正的邀请,还是仅仅出于客套,就像美国人说“哪天有空请你到我们家吃饭”而他并不期望你会出现在他的家门口一样。别府在确定邀请是真实的并且接受以后,对方就得问他想吃什么;按照*俗,他于是说吃什么都可以,而他的朋友也照例一定要他说的具体些,这样的交流在主人和客人之间适当重复了几次,直到别府觉得有礼貌地作出回答才是谦谦之举,于是说米饭和茶。当他就餐时,招待他的的确有米饭和茶—只不过这是一顿丰盛午餐的最后一个程序。别府对饭菜之丰盛并不感到惊讶,因为他知道按礼节就是这样。如果对方按照他的提议款待他,他就等于受到了侮辱,当然礼节也要求他做出受宠若惊的样子。

      8.以上描述的有关午餐邀请时双方所进行的间接交流在美国人看来是过分了,然而相比直接的沟通方式,世界上更多的文化崇尚细腻的间接沟通方式。唯有现代西方社会推崇直接沟通方式,而且即使对我们(美国人)来讲,这种方式更是一种价值观,而不是实践。

      9.其他文化现象也清楚地表明间接本身并不能反映地位低下。在一定程度上,是我们对对女性地位的设定使我们把女性的所有行为解释成为地位低下的表现。例如,人类学家埃莉诺·基南发现在马达加斯加岛的一个说马达加斯加语的村落里,说话直截了当的是女性,拐弯抹角的是男性。而村民视男性使用隐喻和谚语的间接说话方式为更佳方式。在他们眼里,非直接方式和使用这种方式的男人一样享有崇高地位,而女性的直接风格被视为笨拙、粗鲁、有损男性语言的精深微妙之魅力。关于男性或女性谁直接谁间接在不同地域有不同情况,不变的是女性风格总遭人贬低,其地位被视为低于男性。

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  • 八下英语课文22页翻译

  • 英语
  • 八下英语课文22页翻译(通用9篇)

      对于很多学生来说,英语的的学*比较有难度。以下是小编整理的八下英语课文22页翻译,希望能够帮助你更好地理解课文。

      亲爱的先生

      我认为对于孩子们来说,学会如何做家务和帮助父母做家务是重要的。只在学校取得好的成绩是不够的。现在的孩子太依赖他们的父母了。他们总是问“你可以递给我这个吗?”或者“你可以帮我做那个吗?”做家务帮助培养孩子们的独立性,并教会他们如何照顾自己。做家务也帮助他们懂得公*的观念。由于他们和父母住在一所房子里,他们应该知道,每个人都应在保持房子的干净、整洁上尽一份力。我们邻居的儿子考上了一所好大学,但在第一学年里,他不知道如何照顾自己,因此,他经常生病,成绩也下降了。越早让孩子们学会独立,对他们的未来越好。

      史密斯先生

      亲爱的先生

      我不明白为什么一些家长让他们的孩子在家做家务。现在的孩子们已经承担了足够多的学*压力。他们没有时间学*,也没有时间做家务。做家务是浪费他们的时间。我们可不可以让他们只做学生的事?

      他们应该将时间花在学业上,为的是取得好成绩并考上好大学。此外,当他们长大后,他们将不得不做家务,所以他们现在没必要做家务。父母为他们的孩子在家提供一个干净舒适的环境,这是他们的职责。不管怎样,我认为做家务并不是很难,我并不介意做家务。

      A丽萨,你好吗?

      B我头疼,并且脖子不能动。我该怎么办?我应该量体温吗?

      A不,听起来不像是你发烧。周末你做什么了?

      B我整个周末都在玩电脑游戏。 A那很可能就是原因,你需要离开电脑休息几次。

      B是的,我想我是一个姿势做的太久没有移动。

      A我认为你应该躺下休息。如果明天你的头和脖子还痛的话,就去看医生。

      B好的,谢谢,曼迪。

      3a 公交车司机和乘客救了一位老人

      昨天上午九点,26路公交车正行驶在中华路上,这时司机看到一位老人躺在路边。在他旁边一位妇女在喊救命。 公交车司机,24岁的王*没有多想就停下来公交车。他下了车,问那个妇女发生了什么事。她说那个人有心脏病,应该去医院。王先生知道他必须快点行动。他告诉乘客他必须送老人去医院。他希望大部分或全部乘客下车去等下一辆公交车。但出乎他的意料,他们都同意和他一起去。一些乘客帮助王先生把那个老人移到公交车上。 多亏了王先生和乘客们。医生及时挽救了老人的生命。“许多人因为不想有麻烦而不想帮助别人,这真令人难受”,一位乘客说。“但是这位司机没有考虑自己。他只考虑挽救一条生命。”

      2b 他失去了手臂但还在爬山 阿伦是一个对爬山感兴趣的美国人。作为一名登山者,阿伦*惯于冒险。这是关于做危险运动的令人兴奋的事情之一。有许多次,阿伦因为(意外)事故几乎失去生命。在2003年4月26日,在犹他州登山时他发现自己在非常危险的处境。

      在那天,当阿伦独自登山时,他的手臂被压在落在他身上的一块360千克的岩石下。因为他的手臂不能自由活动,他在那儿待了五天,希望有人会发现他。但当他的水喝完了,他知道他将不得不采取措施来挽救的生

      命了。他不愿意那天就死去。因此他用刀子

      切除了他的一半右臂。然后,他用左臂给自己打上绷带以至于他不会失去太多的血。这之后,他爬下山区寻求帮助。

      在他失去手臂后,他写了一本名为《生死抉择》(又译作《生死两难》)的书。他的意思是“处于一个你似乎无法拜托的困境之中”。在这本书中,阿伦讲述了关于做出明智择和掌握自己生命的重要性。他对登山如此酷爱以至于即使这次经历之后他还继续爬山。

      我们有和阿伦一样的勇气吗?在我们发现自己处于进退两难的处境之前以及在我们不得不做出生死抉择之前,让我们来想想它。

      导游:请随便问我关于今天长城之旅的任何问题。

      游客:长城有多长?

      导游:哦,最常见的问题!如果我们只谈论明长城的话,大约长8850千米。这使它成为世界上最长的城墙。

      游客2:喔,真是令人惊叹!古代的皇帝们为什么修建长城呢?

      导游:主要的原因是为了保护*。正如你们所看到的,它很高很宽。据我所知,没有人造物体和这一样大。

      游客3:八达岭是明长城的一部分吗?

      导游:是的,它是最著名的一部分。

      3a阅读文章,将每个段落和段落大意搭配起来。

      第一段登山者的精神

      第二段登山者的成就

      第三段事实和危险

      珠穆朗玛峰---世界上最危险的山峰?

      世界上最危险的运动之一是登山运动,并且最受欢迎的登山地点之一是喜马拉雅山脉。喜马拉雅山脉横亘*西南地区。在所有的山峰中,珠穆朗玛峰最高、最著名。它高8844.43米,所以攀登很危险。乌云盖顶,并且雪会下得很大。更大的困难包括冰冻气候条件和强烈的暴风雪。当你接*山顶的时候,呼吸也很困难。

      丹增诺尔盖和埃德蒙希拉里于1953年5月29日成为第一批登顶的人。第一支*登山队于1960年登顶。来自日本的田部井淳子于1975年成为第一位成功登顶的女性。

      为什么这么多登山者要冒生命危险呢?主要原因之一是人们想在困难面前挑战自己。这些登山者的精神向我们展示了在尽力实现梦想的路上要永不言弃。它也展示了有时人类可以比自然力量更加强大。

      3a当我最初到达这个小岛时,我一无所有。但是我找见了这艘轮船,制作了一艘小船。我带会许多东西,我能用的:食物与饮料,工具,刀子和枪。虽然我失去了一切东西,但是我没有失去生命。因此我不会放弃,我要等到另外的轮船到来。我砍下了许多树木、修建了一个房子。我差不多每天抗着枪出去打动物和鸟儿来做食物。我正在学*重水果和蔬菜。

      几个星期前,我在沙滩上发现了其他人的脚印。这个岛上还有其他人?他们在这儿生活多久了?此后不久,我看见一些野人正在这个破船捕杀了两个人,一个人死了,另一个人向我的家逃跑了。我把他叫Friday(星期五),是因为那天我遇见了他。他很聪明,我教会了他一些英语。

      2d

      Amy:Steve,你决定了选择哪一本书为英语课写都后感吗?

      Steve:是,选择《小妇人》。我已经看完了。

      Amy:哇,你真快。这本书写了什么?

      Steve:写了四个姐妹成长的故事。真是一本好书,因此一下就看完了。你选择了哪一本书?

      Amy: 我选择了《金银岛》,但是我还没有看完。我只看了二十五页。 Steve:你至少看了书的背面的内容简介吧?

      Amy: 是的,我读过。这本书看起来很有趣。

      Steve:你应该快点看书。读后感应该在两个星期内交。

      Amy: 是,我知道。我会快速看完。

      2b

      主题:一首乡村歌曲永远改变了她的生活

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  • 大学综合英语2课文翻译

  • 英语,大学,教育
  • 大学综合英语2课文翻译

      课文指教科书中的正文,区别于注释和*题等,一般在语文或地理中出现。英语,有对话和短文。下面为大家带来了大学综合英语2课文翻译,欢迎大家参考!

      第一单元

      *式的学*特色

      霍华德·加德纳

      1987年春,我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的*东部城市南京住了一个月,同时考察*幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而,我和埃伦获得的有关中蓁教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂,而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店的大堂。

      我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙,可以交给服务员,也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小,你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。

      本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去,边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往槽口里塞。由于他还年幼,不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成,因此总塞不进去。本杰明一点也不在意。他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。

      我和埃伦都满不在乎,任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙的槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并无任何害处。但我很快就观察到一个有趣的现象。饭店里任何一个*工作人员若在*旁,都会走过来看着本杰明,见他初试失败,便都会试图帮忙。他们会轻轻握紧本杰明的手,直接将它引向钥匙的槽口,进行必要的重新定位,并帮他把钥匙插入槽口。然后那位“老师”会有所期待地对着我和埃伦微笑,似乎等着我们说声谢谢——偶尔他会微微皱眉,似乎觉得我俩没有尽到当父母的责任。

      我很快意识到,这件小事与我们在*要做的工作直接相关:考察儿童早期教育(尤其是艺术教育)的方式,揭示*人对创造性活动的态度。因此,不久我就在与*教育工作者讨论时谈起了钥匙槽口一事。

      两种不同的学*方式

      我的*同行,除了少数几个人外,对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。”既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是处理槽口一事的最终目的,既然孩子还很年幼,还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作,让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢?他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢?他会高兴,他还能早些学会做这件事,进而去学做更复杂的事,如开门,或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以(也应该)示范给他看。

      我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理,解释道,首先,我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心,而且在探索,这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于,在这个过程中,我们试图让本杰明懂得,一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事——把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口也好,画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说,他就不太可能—共如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列的情境,在这些情境中,一个人必须学会独立思考,学会独立解决问题,进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。

      把着手教

      回想起来,当时我就清楚地意识到,这件事正是体现了问题的关键之所在——而且不仅仅是一种意义上的.关键之所在。这件事表明了我们两国在教育和艺术实践上的重要差异。

      那些善意的*旁观者前来帮助本杰明时,他们不是简单地像我可能会做的那样笨拙地或是犹犹豫豫地把他的手往下推。相反,他们极其熟练地、温和地把他引向所要到达的确切方向。我逐渐认识到,这些*人不是简单地以一种陈旧的方式塑造、引导本杰明的行为:他们是在恪守*传统,把着手教,教得本杰明自己会愉快地要求再来斗次。

      学*应通过不间断的精心塑造与引导而得以实现,这一观念同样适用于艺术。我们观看了孩子们在教室里学*艺术的情景,他们的娴熟技艺令我们惊讶。年仅5、6岁的孩子就带着**的那种技巧与自信在画花、画鱼和动物;9岁:10岁的小书法家写出的作品满可以在博物馆展示。有一次去两位小艺术家的家里参观,我们从孩子的父母处得知,他们每天练*数小时以完善他们的技艺。

      创造力第一?

      从对创造力的态度来说,优先次序似乎是颠倒了:西方的年轻人先是大胆创新,然后逐渐深谙传统;而*的年轻人则几乎离不开传统,但是,随着时间的推移,他们同样可能发展到具有创新的境界。

      美国人的立场可以概括起来这么说,我们比*人更重视创新和自立。我们两种文化的差异也可以从我们各自所怀的忧虑中显示出来。*老师担心,如果年轻人不及早掌握技艺,就有可能一辈子掌握不了;另一方面,他们并不同样地急于促进创造力的发展。美国教育工作者则担心,除非从一开始就发展创造力,不然创造力就有可能永不再现;而另一方面,技艺可于日后获得。

      但我并不想夸大其辞。无论在过去还是在当今,*在科学、技术和艺术革新方面都展示了巨大的创造力。而西方的创新突破则有被夸大的危险。如果仔细审视任何一项创新,其对以往成就的依赖则都显而易见(“站在巨人肩膀之上”的现象)。

      然而,假定我这里所说的反差是成立的,而培养技艺与创造力两者都是值得追求的目标,那么重要的问题就在于:我们能否从中美两个极端中寻求一种更好的教育方式,它或许能在创造力与基本技能这两极之间获得某种较好的*衡?

      第二单元

      A Life Full Of Riches

      1.首次面对这个问题,是在2003年12月初,我第一次为救世军摇铃募捐的时候。当时我就站在沃尔玛商场入口处门外,对每一位向我的红壶里投入捐款的人都报以一声“谢谢”和一个微笑。一位穿著整洁的妇人牵著她的幼子向放壶的台子走过来。她在钱包里摸著找钱时,孩子抬头看了我一眼,问我:“你穷吗?”当时他眼里充满疑惑和好奇,时至今日仍历历在目。

      2.“嗯,”我结结巴巴,边想边回答,“我比有些人拥有的多,但比其他人拥有的少。”母亲因为孩子问了一个在社交上不该问的问题,训斥了他一顿,他俩便匆匆的赶去购物。但是孩子的问题却一直留在我的心头挥之不去。

      3.我从不认为自己“穷”,但有些事实我不可否认。每当我填1040税务申报表时,我都属于收入最低的档次之一。在过去的三十五年中,我只出去度过一次假。我的电视机是黑白的,还是八年前别人送给我的。

      4.然而,想要得到其他那么多人都有的物质的东西,对我来说,只不过是转瞬即逝的念头而已。我的汽车是1999年的产品,到现在开了十万五千英里,已经很破很旧了,但是它依然可靠。我的住房不大,但是很安静,住著挺舒心。我的衣服很适合于我的工作,主要都在户外。我对计算机的很少的需求,可以在图书馆得到解决。

      5.尽管有些东西我没有,我并不感到贫穷。这是为什么?五十三年来我一直非常健康。我不但不生病,而且精力充沛,情绪饱满。锻炼对我而言是确确实实的快事,我乐意长距离步行,越走越有劲。我喜爱步行后随之产生的一种“什么都干得了”的心态。

      6.我还十分珍惜我的创作才能。当我写出美丽的诗句或编造出能把人逗乐的笑话时,我内心感到很富有。通过写作而获得的洞察力,不断地令我惊奇。而与那么多写作朋友交谈,是我乐趣的主要源泉之一。

      7.但是在我生活中,有一个重要方面我并不那么富有。在一个对物资财富的追求投入如此之多心力的社会中,我觉得很不自在。

      8.我年轻时曾与一位非常有趣的女士谈过朋友。她对我说,对她而言,最重要的是“一个人的内心”。我以为我找到了非同一般的生活伴侣。后来我就带她到我的寓所。当时我住的是一个地下室经济型小套间,只有几件陈旧的家具。唯一新而舒适的椅子是书桌旁的那把。她来访后不久,我们的关系就急转直下。

      9.她所看重的东西似乎突然有了变化,使我大为震动。在我的人生旅途上,这仍然是一个最难以忘怀的转折点。

      10.相对于人际关系而言,物质财富对我并不那么重要。我认为大多数人与我同感——除非当某一物品的缺失会引发社会后果时,人们才会有不同的想法。电台播放的一个商业广告开头这样说:“每个人都想拥有一台高档电视…”,购买这种电视机的压力千真万确。也许每个人真的都想要一台高档电视机,毕竟没有人想做一个无名之辈。

      11.但是没有这样的电视机我也照样活得快乐。事实上不专注于物质财富,对我而言相当自然。在这个世界上有很多人认为我活得很富足。

      12.临*岁末每当我系上救世军的红围裙时,我的内心会发生变化。我非但不感到经济上不自在,还开始感到一种真正的归属感。我摇铃时,人们会停下脚步,给我讲述他们的故事,讲述他们遇到困难时受到帮助对他们多么重要。我感到我与人助人这件事深深地联系在一起。在我摇铃的时候,从未谋面的陌生人给我拿来热乎乎的巧克力饮料,留给我一个久不消逝的微笑。无数的路人向我表达圣诞节的祝愿,使我感到温暖。“谢谢你在这样的冷天摇铃。”“要不要我给您弄一杯咖啡?”“你做好事,上帝保佑你。”十二月是一年中我感到最富足的时候。

      13.由于一个好奇的孩子提了一个简单问题,我在过去的四年中对自己的了解进了一步。当我审视贫穷究竟意味著什么时,我清楚了我最应感恩的是什么:我的有形和无形的好运气。

      第三单元

      老爸英明

      马什·卡萨迪

      人物:父亲;母亲;海蒂,14岁;黛安,17岁;肖恩,16岁;饭店经’理,20多岁:希金斯

      场景;快餐店,汤普森家餐厅,一所中学的办公室等。

      幕启;随着灯光亮起,海蒂上,走至舞台右前方。肖恩与黛安上,走至舞台左前方。海蒂对观众说话,两人倾听。

      海蒂:我老爸是个大好人。没人会相信他不好。可是他唉,他老是干那些蠢事,弄得我们当儿女的到头来无地自容。瞧,我哥曾一度想买把吉他。他都积攒了好一阵子钱了。后来他在这家快餐店找了份活,不错吧?当服务员。这是·肖恩第一次正经打工,他真的挺开心。他算计着,再过两三个月,他就能攒够钱买他想要的那把吉他了。老爸老妈都为他感到骄傲。晤,是啊,他是大哥,老是要捉弄我。不过嘛,我也同样为他感到骄傲。你猜后来怎么了?我都不想说这事,因为:

      黛安、海蒂:(齐声)老爸英明!

      (左后方灯光亮起,肖恩打工的快餐店。有柜台和几张小桌子。经理站在柜台后面。父亲进店时,肖恩正忙着擦桌子。)

      经理:晚上好,先生,能为您效劳吗?

      父亲:晚上好。

      肖恩:(自言自语)噢,不!(他在一张桌子后蹲下,欲躲过父亲的视线。)

      父亲:我找经理。

      经理:我就是,先生。

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