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现在分词作定语从句
现在分词是分词的一种,分词又分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,现在分词在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分。下面是小编为大家整理的现在分词作定语从句,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
现在分词作定语从句
I.ing 形式作定语
1. 现在分词作前置定语时,在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系,也可改成定语从句;如果与所修饰的名词之间没有主谓关系,定语相当于一个介词for引导的短语。现在分词位于所修饰的名词之后做后置定语,与所修饰的名词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系,相当于一个定语从句。如:a listening child= a child who is listening, a walking stick= a stick for walking.
2. 现在分词作定语往往表示“令人”,主动的或正在进行的动作。如:a moving film, a developing country.
II. ing 形式作状语
动词-ing形式在句子中做状语,表示的动作是主语动作的一部分,与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或者几乎同时发生的,经常可以做时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步状语从句。句子的主语必须是状语的逻辑主语;而且主语与作状语的分词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系。
1.原因状语,相当于原因状语从句。
1).Being ill, she didn’t go to school today.
因为生病,她今天没上学去。
2). Seeing no one at home, I decided to come again.
看见没有人在家,我决定再来一趟。
2. 时间状语,相当于when, while等引导的从句。
1).Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.
当听到这个好消息时,他高兴地跳了起来。
2).Walking in the street, I saw a friend of mine.
当我走在街上时,我看到了我的朋友。
如果分词短语表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生,常在分词短语前加上when或while。
3).Be careful when crossing the street.
过街时小心。
3. 伴随状语,与谓语所表示的动作同时发生。
1).He sat at the table reading China Daily.
他坐在桌子旁看《*日报》。
2).Talking and smiling, they went into the room.
他们又说又笑地走进房间。
4. 结果状语。
1).The mother died, leaving a lot of money for her children.
母亲去世了,给她的孩子留下了一大笔钱。
5. 条件状语。
Turning right, you will find the place you want.
往右转弯,你就会找到你要找的地方了。
III.现在分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语一般须与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。
1).Seeing from the top of the hill, we can see our beautiful school.
从山顶望下去,我们就能看到我们美丽的学校。
但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语,独立主语=逻辑主语+现在分词表示伴随,时间、原因,条件。
2).Many people being absent, they decided to put the meeting off.
由于许多人都缺*了,他们决定取消这次会议。
IV. 现在分词的否定形式。
现在分词的否定式:not+ v.ing
完成式的否定式:not+ having done
Not having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal.
由于很久没有收到儿子的来信,这位母亲很担心。
V. 现在分词的.时态和语态的用法。
1). 分词一般式表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作一般同时进行时,则用分词的一般式形式。
He walked on the street, seeing back from time to time.
他走在街上,不时地向身后看看
2). 如果分词所表示的动作先于谓语动词发生,则用分词的完成式形式。
Having finished his work, Henry went home.
完成了他的工作后,亨利回家了。
语法聚焦预*自测
过去分词作定语从句语法
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当表语、定语等成份。下面是小编整理的过去分词作定语从句语法相关内容。
一、过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。
1、前置定语
单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。
A类:被动意义:
an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。
B类:完成意义:
a retired teacher 一位退休的教师
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
2、后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如:
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written)。
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的'客人是谁呀?
二、过去分词作表语
作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词,在主-系-表句型中,说明主语所处的一种状态。其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。如:
You seem frightened.
你看样子受了惊吓。
少数不及物动词(如go, come, set)的过去分词也能作表语,但它们不表示被动意义,只是表示动作完成。如:
They are gone for vacation.
他们度假去了。
注意:要区别“系动词+过去分词(系表结构)” 和 “系动词+过去分词(被动语态)”。如:
A. The library is now closed.
图书馆现在关门了。
B. The library is closed at six.
图书馆经常在六点钟关门。
说明:作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词前可加上quite, very, rather等修饰词。系动词可有多种,表示不同的意义;被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。因此,我们不难看出在上面两句中,A句是系表结构,B句是被动语态。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa. (MET 1990)
A. invited B. to invite
C. being invited D. had been invited
2. The com*r center, _____last year, is very popular among the students in this school. (NMET 1993)
A. open B. opening
C. having opened D. opened
3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour.(NMET 1998)
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
4.—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers. (北京2002)
A. to solving; making
B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making
D. to solve; made
5. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge.
(上海2002)
A. being known B. having been known
关于定语从句引导词做成分
定语从句中引导词的选用主要看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分或者是定语。以下是小编收集整理了,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that; 关系副词有where, when, why。它们都在定语从句中担任句子成分。确定定语从句的引导词,可以帮助学生弄清句子结构,提高语言表达的准确性。
定语从句如果修饰人
常常用关系代词who,有时也用that(作主语时多用who)。
He is a man who / that often helps others. 他是一位经常帮助别人的人。
如果这个关系代词在从句中作宾语, 就应当用whom或that, 但这种情况往往都可以把引导词省略,且在口语中可用who代替whom。
Here is the man (whom / that / who) you would like to see. 这就是你想见的那个人。
值得注意的是,如果是在介词的后面就只能用whom。
The boy to whom I spoke is my brother. 刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。
如果表示“……的”时,就用who的所有格whose。例如:
Is there anyone in our class whose father is a doctor? 我们班有谁的父亲是当医生的吗?
whose的先行词也可是物。
The house whose windows face the street is my uncle‘s. 窗户面朝街的那座房子是我叔叔的。
定语从句如果修饰“物”
用关系代词that的时候较多,有时也用which。
It‘s a com*r which / that costs six thousand yuan. 这是一台价值六千元的电脑。
当这个代词在从句中用作宾语时,往往都会把它省略。
The present(that / which) you gave me is very beautiful. 你给我的那件礼物非常漂亮。
在介词的后面只能用which。
This is the book about which they are talking. 这就是他们正在谈论的那本书。
定语从句修饰一个表示时间的词时,用关系副词when。
I will never forget the day when I met her. 我将永远不会忘记我见到她的那一天。
定语从句修饰地点名词时,用关系副词where。
This is the place where we lived for five years. 这就是我们曾经住过五年的地方。
定语从句修饰一个表示原因的词时,用关系副词why。
I know the reason why she didn‘t come yesterday. 我知道她昨天没来的原因。
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
he is the man whom/ that i saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
they rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
a prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
the package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语,关系副词引导的定语从句。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地,英语语法《关系副词引导的定语从句》。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词,而引导定语从句的词叫引导词,有关系代词和关系副词两类。
懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。
什么是介词短语做定语
介词短语,是介词和其它代词或名词或词组搭配形成的短语。口语上简称“介短”。该短语主要是用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系。下面跟着小编来看看什么是介词短语做定语吧!希望对你有所帮助。
介词短语常常用作后置定语,在这类定语中有许多是用of引起的,可以表示:
1. 所有关系:the wealth of the nation.(国家的财富)
2. 特征:a man of good temper(好脾气的人)
3. 动宾关系:love of study (对学*的热爱)
4. 主谓关系:the growth of industry (工业的增长)
5. 同位关系:the city of Peking(北京城)
除了of,还有很多介词可以引起短语作后置定语:
1. 地点:the table near the window(靠窗的桌子)
2. 时间:their activiries during the holidays(他们假期的活动)
3. 特征:the woman with a baby in her arms(那位抱孩子的女人)
4. 类属:a film about the life of workers(一部描写工人生活的书)
1)介词短语可以在系动词之后做表语
He seems at home.
She is in the sty.
2)介词短语还可以作定语修饰前面的'名词。
The plant in the window gets lots of sunshine.
I bought a dress with blue stripes.
The sound of the wind made a whistling noise.
Joe is the student with the highest grade.
3) 介词短语很多时候是作状语,修饰整个句子,说明时间,地点,方式,原因等。
Gabby stuck her gun under the table.
The project is due before Tuesday.
She told me the whole thing on the condition of anonymity.
在匿名的情况下,她告诉了整件事。
All people have the right to worship or assemble in connection with a religion .
所有人都有权做与宗教有关的崇拜或*
【拓展阅读】
介词短语做定语从句
介词短语常常用作后置定语,在这类定语中有许多是用of引起的,可以表示:
1. 所有关系:the wealth of the nation.(国家的财富)
2. 特征:a man of good temper(好脾气的人)
3. 动宾关系:love of study (对学*的热爱)
4. 主谓关系:the growth of industry (工业的增长)
5. 同位关系:the city of Peking(北京城)
除了of,还有很多介词可以引起短语作后置定语:
1. 地点:the table near the window(靠窗的桌子)
2. 时间:their activiries during the holidays(他们假期的活动)
3. 特征:the woman with a baby in her arms(那位抱孩子的女人)
4. 类属:a film about the life of workers(一部描写工人生活的书)
介词短语
1. above one’s own... 在自己的……之上
2. above average 在*均水*以上
3. according to 根据
4. after all 毕竟
5. along with 与……一道, 连同……一起
6. apart from 除……之外
7. as a result 的结果
8. as a result of 作为......的结果
9. as well as 也,还有
英语名词作定语与形容词作定语的区别
英语是按照分布面积而言最流行的语言,但母语者数量是世界第三,仅次于汉语、西班牙语。下面小编为大家带来英语名词作定语与形容词作定语的区别,希望大家喜欢!
1. 名词作定语强调“类指”,而名词所有格则表示“特指”。如:
Please don’t put the dog’s food under the table. 请不要把狗食放在桌子下面。
Dog food costs as much as meal. 狗的食品和人的食品一样贵。
第一句中的dog’s food特指给某一条狗食用的,第二句中的dog food表类别,指供狗食用的食品,而并非只给某条狗食用。
2. 名词作定语表明实质,形容词作定语则起描述与限定作用。如:
silver coins 银币(silver表明本质,即指用银做的币)
silvery hair 银白的头发(silvery起描绘作用,为描绘性形容词)
a luxury hotel 豪华饭店(指官方为饭店定的级别很高,但让人的'感爱未必豪华)
a luxurious hotel 豪华的饭店(只是说其豪华,表明话者的感受,其级别未必很高)
3. 有时采用名词作定语,可能是因为没有相应的派生形容词,此时使直接用名词作定语,或与之构成合成词。如:
school gate 校门(名词school没有相应的形容词)
tomato sauce番茄汁(名词tomato没有相应的形容词)
4. 有时在汉语看来似乎要用形容词作定语,但英语*惯上却要用名词作定语。如:
science fiction 科幻小说 (不说 scientific fiction)
health situation 健康状况(不说healthy situation)
convenience food 方便食品(不说convenient food)
5.扩展资料:英语名词综合练*题
I. 判断下列名词是否可数名词,将其可数名词改为复数形式
1. brush 2. tomato 3.radio 4. roof 5. tooth 6. Japanese 7. meat 8. air 9. clothing 10.paper(纸)
答案:1. brushes 2. tomatoes 3. radios 4. roofs 5. teeth 6. Japanese 7.不可数名词 8..不可数名词9.不可数名词 10.不可数名词
II.指出下列划线名词的语法作用
1. The flowers are beautiful .
2. Both of them are lawyers .
3. We love our great motherland .
4. we made him our monitor of our class .
5. This is Miss Alice , our good friend .
6. They are college students .
7. Mother, please look after your children .
答案:1.主语 2.表语3. 宾语4.宾语补足语 5.同位语6.定语7.称呼语
III.用所给名词的正确形式填空
1. The students are making ______ for the coming examination . ( preparation)
2.He is making a study of fresh-water ______ ( fish ) .
3.Various ______ ( fruit ) are on sale now .
4.Some 260 ______ were presented at the meeting . ( paper )
5. Mary is a daughter of ________ . (Mr Brown)
6.In the old days , my father went to the _______ school . ( night )
7.Yesterday I called at ______ . ( Mary's sister ) .
8. You should do more _______ . Don't always sit at the desk busy doing your _______.
( exercise)
9.It's very cold there . ______ temperature can drop below freezing . ( Room )
10. Where are ______ shoes sold ? ( children )
答案:1. preparations2. fishes 3.fruits 4.papers 5. Mr Brown's 6. night 7.Mary sister's 8. exercises ,exercises 9.Room 10.children
IV. 单项选择
1.Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble.
A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices
2. We’ve worked out the plan ,and now we must put it into _ .
A. fact B. practice C. reality D. deed
3. He dropped the _ and broke it .
A. cup of coffee B. coffee’s cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup
that做主语的定语从句
语法是语言的组织规律,任何人在使用语言时,不管他是否学过语法,但都必须合乎语法。以下是小编帮大家整理的that做主语的定语从句,仅供参考,大家一起来看看!
1.关系代词that引导的定语从句,that指人或指物,在从句中可以作主语、宾语。多数情况下,可与which互换。
【真题例句】In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins。(2001完形)
【结构分析】本句主干为Lord Irvine will introduce a draft bill…;其中bill由that引导的定语从句that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity…修饰,在从句中,that指代先行词bill作主语。观察连词and,可确定此从句中并列两个谓语will propose和will control。其中control的宾语the amount of publicity后又跟一个that引导的'定语从句that can be given to a case before a trial begins,使用了被动语态,that指代先行词publicity作主语。句首的介词短语In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press作全句的状语。
【参考译文】为了有效地加强对新闻界的法律监控,大法官欧文勋爵将引入一项草案。这项草案将提出付款给证人是非法的,并且要严格控制审判前对案件的曝光。
2.注意:只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况:
(1)在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which;
(2)不定代词如anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which;
(3) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that;
(4) 先行词为序数词、形容词最高级时,只用that;
(5) 先行词既有人,又有物时。
【真题例句】To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing."(2003阅读2)
【结构分析】本句的直接引语中,主干为一个主系表结构all is that…,其中主语all由that引导的定语从句that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause修饰,关系代词that指代先行词all在从句中作主语。表语由that引导的名词性从句that good people do nothing充当。
【参考译文】用18世纪政治家埃德蒙·柏克的话说:"一个被误导的事业如果能成功,它唯一需要的就是好人无所作为"。
【真题例句】The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for *s, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century. (2001阅读1)
【结构分析】本句的主干是一个完成时的主系表结构The overall result has been… for *s,表语由不定式短语to make…harder(使……更难)充当。名词短语a result that…是主干中主语result的同位语,作用是对其进行补充说明。在此名词短语中,关系代词that引导定语从句that has been reinforced by…修饰先行词result,that在从句中代替result作主语,从句的谓语使用了被动语态。
【参考译文】总体结果是,业余人员在专业地质学刊物上发表论文更难了,这种结果又由于审稿的广泛引入而变得更糟--19世纪由国家级杂志评审, 20世纪由一些地方地质学杂志评审。
定语从句where先行词的用法
定语从句(也称关系从句、形容词性从句),是指一类由关系词(英语:relative word)引导的从句,因为这类从句的句*能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句。下面是小编为大家收集的定语从句where先行词的用法,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
定语从句讲解:where的用法
关系副词where主要用于修饰表地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。如:
This is the village where he was born. 这就是他出生的村子。
That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。
Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus.巴巴拉在奥伯里工作,每天得坐公共汽车去上班。
与前面when的情况一样,注意不要一见到先行词为地点名词,就以为一定要用关系副词where来引导定语从句,同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作地点状语,就用where;如果在定语从句中不是用作地点状语,而是用作主语或宾语,那就不能用where,而要用that, which等。如:
He works in a factory that [which] makes TV sets. 他在一家电视机厂工作。
【拓展延伸】
定语从句的定义:
被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它需要放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。定语 从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的'先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that you want to see?
他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)[1] He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)
The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例 如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从 句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住过的地方。
介词后面定语从句
英语最早被中世纪的英国使用,并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。下面是小编为大家整理的介词后面定语从句,欢迎阅读与收藏。
1.由“介词+关系代词”
引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体,在非正式文体中通常将介词放至句末。如:This is the man to whom I referred. 我指的就是这个人。This is the man (whom) I referred to. 我指的就是这个人。
2. 直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that,直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who:
介词用于句末,则用作宾语的which, whom也可换成that, who,或者省略不同。如:这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。This is a subject about which we have talked a lot.(which不能换成that,也不能省略)This is a subject which we have talked about a lot. 这是一个我们讨论了许多的`问题。(which可以换成that,也可以省略)
3. 关系副词when, where, why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。
如: That is the day when [=on which] he was born. 那就是他出生的日子。That is the house where [=in which] he lived. 那就是他住过的房子。That is the reason why [=for which] he must apologize. 那就是他必须道歉的原因。
4. 在很正式的文体中,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。
如:在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。正:There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)正:There the children had a garden in which they could play. (较正式)正:There the children had a garden to play in. (较口语化)注:这类“介词+关系代词++不定式”结构中的介词不能没有,也不能放在句末。如不能说There the children had a garden which to play in.
练*题目:
1.I know the boy ____________ you gave the book____________.
A.whom;to B.which;to C.to whom;to D.that;to him
2.Harbin is the very place ____________ I’m anxious to pay a visit.
A.that B.which C.on which D.to which
3.Have you been to Hangzhou____________ West Lake is the most beautiful in our country?
A.whose B.which C.that D.where
4.I know the student ____________ you borrowed the pen.
A.that B.from whom C.from which D.whom
5.Here are players from Japan,____________ are our old friends.
A.that B.where C.they D.who
6.They arrived at the farmhouse in front of ____________ sat a small boy.
A.the place B.it C.which D.that
7.That is the day ____________ I’ll never forget.
A./ B.on which C.in which D.when
8.The letter is from my sister,____________ is working in Beijing.
A.which B.that C.who D.she
9.I bought a book,____________ I can’t remember now.
A.its title B.whose title C.the title of it D.the title of that
10.I want to use the same dictionary ____________ was used yesterday.
A.which B.what C.like D.as
11.He is good at English,____________ we all know.
A.that B.as C.this D.what
12.I’ll never forget the days ________ we spent together in the countryside.
A.when B.on which C.which D.in which
13.This is the best film ____________ I have ever seen.
A.that B.which C.now that D.if
14.He is the only one of the students ____________ from Shanghai.
A.who is B.who are C.they are D.that come
15.Mr Scott is one of the foreign experts who ____________ in China.
A.works B.is working C.are working D.has been working
16.I,who ____________ in America,feel proud of being a Chinese.
A.is B./ C.am D.being
17.He’ll never forget the people and the place ________ she visited in Beijing last year.
A.that B.which C.whom D.where
18.Do you know the reason ____________ he was late?
A.for what B.which C.for which D.that
1~5 ADABD 6~10 CACBD 11~18 BCAAC CAC
用关系代词填空.(答案可能不唯一)(that, which, who, whom, whose)
1. These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.
2. The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.
定语从句先行词是those
在定语从句中those为先行词时,关系词有指人指物的that,指物的which,指人的who。下面是小编整理的定语从句先行词是those相关内容,欢迎参考。
定语从句先行词是those
That(指物)和those(指人或物)可做定语从句的先行词,this和these不可做先行词,those做定语从句先行词时,当其指物关系词用that/which等,当其指人时,关系词用who等,具体示例如下:
He admired those who looked beautiful.他很喜欢那些看上去很美的人.(指人)
He admired those which looked beautiful.他很喜欢那些看上去很美的东西.(指物)
(错)He admired that who danced well.(that不能指人)
(对)He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人.(those可指人)
如何选择定语从句的引导词
一看指人还是物,二看介词在何处;
三看句中作何用,四看是否属特殊。
现将四句口诀分述如下:
“一看指人还是物”:指人时用who,whom;whose和that既可指人又可指物;which只能指物。that和which在句中作主语或宾语;在非正式文体中,作宾语的whom,which或that可省略。
【高考链接】
The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____ are built close to each other.
A. they B. where C. what D. that
答案:D。
解析:分析句子结构可知,空格处及后面部分为定语从句,先行词small houses为物,故用that引导定语从句,that在定语从句中作主语。
“二看介词在何处”:介词置于从句之首还是置于从句的其他地方,引导词的使用有区别。当介词置于从句之首时,若指人,介词之后只能用whom而不能用who和that;若指物,则只能用which而不能用that。
【经典例析】
试比较以下两句:
1. Do you know the woman with whom I shook hands at the school gate?
2. Do you know the woman whom I shook hands with at the school gate?
第一句中介词with置于定语从句之首,其后的whom不可以替换成who或that,也不能省略;第二句中的引导词whom作介词with的宾语,可替换为who或that,也可省略。
“三看句中作何用”:如何选用定语从句中的引导词,关键是要看引导词在从句中充当什么成分。若作主语,则在who,that或which之中选择;若作定语,则用whose;若作状语,则在when,where,why之中挑选。
【高考链接】
The prize will go to the writer _____ story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which
C. whose D. what
答案:C。
解析:whose引导定语从句,且在从句中作定语,修饰story;whose story相当于the story of whom。
“四看是否属特殊”:定语从句中引导词的使用还要注意一些特殊情况,如who与that均可指人,which和that均可指物,但这些引导词在具体的语言环境中有区别,不能换用。
【经典例析】
1. This is the first time that I’ve been to the museum, which I have been looking forward to for many years.
当先行词被序数词修饰时,引导词只能用that而不用which。
2. Those who are studying in our school can borrow five books at a time.
为避免重复,先行词为指人的that或those时,引导词用who而不用that。
3. Such magazines as you bought last time are well worth reading.
such ... as,the same ... as属于固定搭配。
最后,我们再用一则歌谣帮助大家巩固关系词在定语从句中的一般用法。
关系词,引定从,它们的用法各不同。
that可作主、宾用,指人指物它都行;
which 通常指物用,主语、宾语它也能;
who和whom指人用,分作主、宾要弄清;
whose一词它真行,修饰人、物都管用;
时间状语应用when,地点状语where行,
要问原因为什么,关系副词why最清;
as一词属特殊,常与such,the same连用,
修饰全句或部分,常常用作主或宾。
一、those who型
当代词 those 后接定语从句时,定语从句通常用关系代词who来引导。如:
初中定语从句例句分析
其实,定语从句并不难,快一起来学*吧!下面小编为大家带来初中定语从句例句分析,仅供参考,希望能够帮到大家。
一、 定义:
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
如:1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2)You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用:
1、引导定语从句
2、代替先行词
3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
Mr.Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
( which 在句子中做主语)
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
( which 在句子中做宾语)
4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.(在句子中做主语)
Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
要了解定语从句,我们先得明白定语是啥,如果我给介绍一个人或者描述一样东西,以介绍一个人为例,如果我说是个女孩,那么你头脑中的对我介绍的人印象清晰么,应该就一女孩轮廓,但如果我说一个漂亮的,穿着红色衣服的,站在站台上的,那么你对这个人印象是不是逐渐清晰了,这里漂亮的,红色的,站在站台上的便是定语。
我们看看例子
a pretty girl
a girl in red
a girl standing in the platform
a girl who is standing in the platform is lucy
上例中打彩色部分便都是定语,定语通常是修饰名词,如果定语是一个词并且能完整表达一个意思,定语便放在被修饰词前面,否则就放后面,请观察pretty是一个词,便是放前面的,这是你也许会说,a pretty little girl,pretty 和little不是两个词,怎么就放被修饰词前面了呢,一定要注意,pretty和little都是一个并且是各自能表达完整的意思滴。
上例中彩色部分都是定语,定语可以是一个形容词(pretty),可以是介词短语(in red),也可以是分词短语(standing in the platform),也可以是一个句子(who is standing in the platform),而当定语从句是一个句子时,这个句子呢,就是定语从句。
由于定语从句是一个句子,毫无疑问滴,必定不可能是一个词,所以都是放在被修饰词的后面,我们还给这个被修饰的词起了个名字,先行词,因为修饰她的句子还在后面,她先出现的。
然后我们在说说这定语从句,在英语中呢有个规定就是一个句子中有且只能有一个谓语,就好比我们人呢只能有一个心脏。(事物是普遍联系的定语从句经典例句),那我们人啥时候可能会有两个心脏呢?对了,有宝宝的时候,男同胞貌似目前不可能哈,那么句子有个子句的时候便可以有两个谓语了,这时候我们便需要一个东西来标志其子句特征,人类呢是以大肚子,从句便以她的关系代词。我们例子中的who便是关系代词,这个关系我们也可以理解**类的脐带,将子句和母句联系到一起。所以这关系代词也是紧挨着先行词的。
所以偶们先要搞清楚啥是定语从句,啥是先行词,啥是关系代词。咱再琢磨这定语从句如何用。
1.He is a famous star.
2.Who’s that girl in red?
3.A suitcase that doesn’t have handles is useless.
4.The blue suitcase ,which doesn’t have handles,is useless.
分词短语做定语 现在分词短语做后置定语 过去分词短语做定语 分词短语作定语 过去分词短语做后置定语 过去分词短语作定语 形容词短语做定语 动宾短语做定语 分词做状语的句子 介宾短语做定语 介词短语做后置定语 正补短语做定语 现在分词短语做状语 现在分词短语做主语 动名词短语做后置定语 形容词短语做后置定语 过去分词做主语的句子 分词短语 名词短语作定语 有定语的句子 现在分词短语 介词短语作定语 分词短语英语 过去分词短语 分词短语作状语 分词短语作表语 名词作定语的句子 形容词作定语的句子 动名词作定语的句子 定语前置的古诗词
定语从句的介词前置 定语从句where先行词的用法 介词后面定语从句 现在分词作定语从句 定语从句什么是先行词 定语从句先行词是those 什么叫做定语从句 定语从句中的先行词 什么是定语从句先行词 定语从句先行词做主语 过去分词作定语从句语法 when定语从句先行词 基本英语语法:分词的用法 定语从句宾语从句区分 定语从句引导词的省略 定语从句where的先行词 定语及定语从句 什么是介词短语做定语 英语名词作定语与形容词作定语的区别 定语从句先行词例子 定语从句引导词及用法 that做主语的定语从句 初中定语从句例句分析 定语从句和强调句的区分方法 定语从句不定代词 定语从句中的从属连词 过去分词在句子中做状语的用法汇总详细解释 定语从句引导词的用法 定语从句先行词的判断 关于定语从句引导词做成分
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